The intensity of the technogenic impact on the environment was determined by the content of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, arsenic and cadmium in the apple tree and dandelion pollen.
Pollen basket, Carpathian honeybees, natural polyphlore honey and freshly built honeycombs were taken from three beehives in three apiaries located in the mountain (Slavske village in Skole district), foothill (Nyzhnia Stynava village in Stryi district) and forest steppe (Myklashiv village in Pustomyty district) areas of the Carpathian region.
Heavy metals, anionic and nonesterified fatty acids, fatty acids of lipids were determined in the selected samples of the apple tree and dandelion pollen, in the abdomen, thorax and head tissues of the honeybees, in the freshly built honeycombs. The content of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium in the selected samples of natural polyphlore honey was determined. Heavy metals in the studied biological material were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (SELMI- 115), whereas anionic and nonesterified fatty acids or fatty acids of lipids were determined using the gas-liquid chromatograph (Chrom-5).
It is stated that the content of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium increases in the apple tree and dandelion pollen, in the abdomen, thorax and head tissues of honeybees, in the freshly built honeycombs and natural polyphlore honey taken from the beehives located in the foothill and especially forest steppe areas of the Carpathian region in comparison with the ones located in the mountain areas. It is the result of the urbanization and industrialization of the territory.
It was recorded that the content of the anionic fatty acids increases and at the same time the amount of nonesterified fatty acids or fatty acids of lipids decreases in the dandelion and apple tree pollen, abdomen, thorax and head tissues of the honeybees and in the freshly built honeycombs taken from the beehives located in the foothill and especially of the forest steppe areas of the Carpathian region in comparison with the mountain area. It happens due to the saturated fatty acids with the even and odd amount of atoms of carbon in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of group ω-7 and ω-9, polyunsaturated fatty acids of group ω-3 and ω-6.
In the mentioned above tissues in the nonesterified fatty acids and fatty acids of lipids the effectiveness of the transformation of the linoleic and linolenic acid decreases in their long-chain fatty acids and more unsaturated derivatives. Moreover, in the abdomen, thorax and head tissues of honeybees the level of phospholipids is reduced. Relative content of saturated fatty acids with the even and odd amount of the atoms of carbon in the chain and monounsaturated fatty acids of group ω-7 and ω-9 increases but the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of groupω-3 and ω-6 decreases. All this information indicates that in the foothill and especially in the forest steppe areas of the Carpathian region, in comparison with the mountain area, according to the content of different forms of fatty acids - general energetic , attractive, functional, metabolic and biological value of the dandelion and apple tree pollen for the body of the honeybees decreases. Furthermore, according to this data the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the honeycombs decreases and the fragility of their walls increases.
