The aim of the dissertation was to research the features of antioxidant system, lipid metabolism in blood and tissues of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM) under the
influence of vanadium and chromium citrates synthesized by nanotechnology method and to develop new approaches to prevent the occurrence and correction of metabolic disorders in diabetes.
To achieve this aim, three stages of experimental research were conducted. At the first stage of the experimental part, we investigated the influence of vanadium citrate at the dose of 0.125, 0.5 and 2.0 μg V/ml of water. At the second stage of the experimental research we investigated the influence of chromium citrate at the dose of 0.1 and 0.2 μg Cr/ml of water. And at the third stage of the experimental research we investigated the complex influence of vanadium and chromium citrates at the dose of 0.5 μg V/ml and 0.1 μg Cr/ml water. The body weight of male rats was 100-120 g. On the 31st day of the study (the І, ІІ and ІІІ stages of the experimental research), animals were induced with EDM by a single intraperitoneal injection of 5% solution of alloxan monohydrate ("Synbios", Ukraine) in the amount of 150 mg/kg of body weight of the animal (as solvent 0.9% NaCl). The animals were starving during the last 24 hours. Control rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl.
We investigated the effect of vanadium and chromium citrate on the blood glucose concentration, insulin, the content of glycosylated hemoglobin, bodyweight and organs of
animals, the content of lipid peroxidation products, the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defence system, the content of total lipids, and phospholipids in rats with EDM.
It was found that blood glucose concentration and the content of glycosylated hemoglobin in the animals under EDM significantly increased, which indicated as result of
developed hyperglycemia. However, when exposed to vanadium and chromium citrate, both separately and jointly, blood glucose concentration decreased. The normalizing effect was observed with the use of vanadium citrate in the doses of 0.5 μg V/ml water and chromium citrate in the doses of 0.1 μg Cr/ml water.
The antioxidant properties of vanadium and chromium compounds are entail the normalization of the antioxidant system in the blood and tissues of rats with EDM. With the
combined action of vanadium and chromium citrates in animals with EDM, the content of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood, skeletal muscle and pancreas and TBARS in the liver,
skeletal muscle and pancreas significantly decreased. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity was increasing in the liver, skeletal muscles and pancreas and catalase activity was
increassing in the liver, but was decreasing in skeletal muscle. Glutathione peroxidase activity was increasing in the liver and pancreas, but decreased in skeletal muscle and
kidneys. Glutathione reductase activity also increased in red blood cells, pancreas, but decreased in the kidneys, while the content of reduced glutathione was increasing in all
research tissues in comparison to the parameters in animals with EDM.
We observed changes in separated links of lipid metabolism in rats with EDM. Rats which were treated with vanadium citrate and chromium citrate improved their lipid
metabolism under EDM. Thus, the influence of vanadium citrate in three different doses decreased the content of total lipids, phospholipids and esterified cholesterol in the blood of diabetic rats. In the blood of rats with EDM the effect of chromium citrate at the dose of 0.1 μg Cr/ml of water significantly reduced the content of total lipids and phospholipids, and at the dose of 0.2 μg Cr/ml of water the content of non-esterified and esterified cholesterol compared to indicators in animals from the EDM. Due to the complex influence of vanadium and chromium citrates, the contents of phospholipids, non-esterified cholesterol, triacylglycerols decreased and the content of mono- and diacylglycerol increased compared to parameters in animals with EDM.
We found that the compounds, which were synthesized by using nanotechnology, did not have toxic effects and were well absorbed in the body of rats. For the first time, it has
been established that the combined use of vanadium citrate at the dose of 0.5 μg V/ml water and chromium citrate at the dose of 0.1 μg Cr/ml water can be effective for the correction of metabolic disorders, in particular hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress that occur under diabetes. The results of the studies suggest that the use of the appropriate concentrations of these microelements may be an attractive therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
