The thesis is dedicated to evaluating the ecological and agricultural melioration status of the drained soils in the Lviv region and the development of nature protection measures.
New methods and approaches to analyzing the drained grounds are suggested and informed, it is also developed a current method, which explains the evaluation of the drained grounds using the index of the ecological and agricultural melioration status of the drained soils, which incorporates five groups of aggregate measurements: ecological resistance, level of fertility and sanitary state of the soils, and an ameliorative status of the grounds, quality of surface water.
Alteration of the ecological state of the drained soils for four hydrogeological and reclamation regions has been investigated for the first time and spatial and temporal patterns of fertility and ecological stability of drained soils have been determined, zonation of drained grounds by the indicators of their suitability for raw materials zones has been conducted. An estimate of the alteration of the agroecological and ameliorative status of soil cover over the period of 1990 - 2017 years was made. It is analyzed that drained soils are characterized by a low level of fertility, gross nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus, potassium, and manganese, the beneficial ameliorative state during the vegetative period was reached in the 2017 year on the drained soils with the area of 75,2 thousand ha (which is 14,7%), unsatisfactory – 349, 8 thousand ha (68,2%). Evaluation of subsoil and surface water quality was made. It has been studied that in the subsoil waters concentrations of the compounds of gross nitrogen, iron, and sulfates have risen up, in the surface waters the worst indices of water quality are the indexes of specific substances, the smallest – items of saline composition.
It is investigated that soil condition by the index of ecological and agricultural melioration status changes from critical to beneficial. It has been identified that it varies in wide ranges from 0,05 – critical state to 0,78 – beneficial one. It is investigated that at critical condition there are soils, where index IEAАC is less than 0,1 AS Spasivska(II, IV), Stavchanska AS (I) and within the bound 0,0 – 0,2 for the soils AS Stavchanska (II), Domazhyrska (II) – such status is caused by the critical condition of aggregate indices of fertility and ameliorative soil state. According to the index of the ecological and ameliorative status beneficial ecological and ameliorative condition of the drained soils can be seen at: AS «Hnyla Lypa» (II), Bystrytska with IEAАС 0,77 and 0,73. Satisfactory ecological and ameliorative status of drained grounds at AS Bolozivska (III) with IEAАС = 0,53, «Solokiya» (XIII, XII) IEAMC is 0,49 and 0,44 and «Vyshnya» (I) IEAАC = 0,47, Bolodyrska (I) IEAАC = 0,42, is basically resulting from low indices of qualitative soil state, particularly aggregate index of fertility, which is in critical condition.
Ecological and agricultural melioration evaluation of drained soils allowed us to make a ranking of ecological problems and develop integrated compensative measures, which involve organizationally-economic ones: to make a renaturalization of the areas with the restoring of the overwetting mode of: bogs for peat accumulation and loamy grounds for afforestation (Volyno-Podilska and Peredkarpatskya hills, Male Polissya); engineering: fulfill reconstruction of ameliorative systems, including the creation of ameliorative net with bilateral impact; agrochemicals and agro-ameliorative, which have to improve qualitative and ameliorative soils status.
