Fedorchak E. Ecological and biological features of species of the family Рісеа A. Dietr. in urban man-made ecotopes of Kryvyi Rih city

The dissertation is devoted to the complex study of ecological-biological features of growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea pungens Engelm. under the action of multilevel pollution in the industrial city of Kryvyi Rih in the steppe zone of Ukraine. We investigated the biometric parameters of the 30–40-year-old trees of P. аbies аnd P. pungens in the urban environment of the city of Kryvyi Rih, and evaluated the viability of plants in the curtain type of planting. It was found that the vital state of P. abies and P. pungens plants is reduced in plantations with moderate and high levels of pollution by 2.3 and 1.7 times compared to control plantations. Adaptive reactions of plants to technogenic stress by anatomical-morphological and physiological characteristics of spruce needles were revealed. We noted that the content of photosynthetic pigments in P. pungens needles was higher in all monitoring areas compared to P. abies. We ascertained the 13 types of pathologies of pollen grains and increase in the amount of teratomorphic pollen in the conditions of urban technogenic environment. It is noted that in conditions of high level of contamination in P. abies and P. pungens the indicators of germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds are lower by 8.2; 5.6 and 3.6; 6.1 times, respectively, compared with control plants. The indicator of complex decorativeness in plants of P. abies (2.3–4.8 points) and P. pungens (2.9–4.9 points) was studied, which reached a maximum in areas with a low level of pollution. Prospects for the use of species of the genus Piсea in urban technogenic conditions are assessed and informative indicators for bioindication of air pollution by air pollutants are determined.