Object: congenital myopia, refractive amblyopia. Purpose: improvement of the efficiency of diagnostics of visual analyzer disorders in amblyopia in patients with congenital myopia by means of optimizing the diagnostic method based on the analysis of data from functional and electrophysiological studies, taking into account the indicators of color perception, contrast sensitivity and the state of stereovision. Methods: visual acuity testing at far and close distance, reserves of accommodation, refractometry, ultrasonic biometrics, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy. The state of the visual analyzer was evaluated by the color thresholds by the Rabkin tables, and also using developed tables aimed to determine the color thresholds in young children (Patent for utility model №114858 of 27.03.2017, bul. No. 6., IPC (2017.01): А61В3/00, А61F9/00), contrast sensitivity at near distance using contrast sensitivity tables, the threshold of electrical sensitivity by phosphene, the critical frequency of flicker disappearance by phosphene; binocular functions: binocular vision by colortest, synoptophore, heterophoria was measured by using a set of prisms KK-24, stereoscopic vision for contour (Titmus-stereofly test) and random (Lang II test) stereograms, the time of occurrence of the stereoeffect, statistical - STATISTICA 8 program. For the first time, it was found that stereovision in children with congenital myopia and amblyopia is more reduced according to contour and random-point stereotests, which is confirmed by higher stereovision thresholds according to contour tests in 68.9% and according to the random-point Lang II test in 28.5% of children. For the first time, the prognostic significance of the state of contrast sensitivity and color sensitivity to blue for the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia in congenital myopia was revealed: the lower the contrast sensitivity (less than 1.5 points) and the higher the threshold for blue (more than 3 units), the lower results of treatment and the higher probability of congenital developmental disorders of the visual analyzer. Scientific data on the state of visual functions (contrast sensitivity, color perception, stereosvision) and electrophysiological parameters of the visual analyzer in children with congenital myopia and amblyopia have been expanded. The relationship between contrast sensitivity and color thresholds is established, as well as between contrast sensitivity and visual acuity at close range in such children, which is confirmed by reliably strong indirect correlations from -0.68 to -0.76. Here is proposed a new method of color threshold diagnosis for low age children (Patent for Utility model of Ukraine No.114858). This method simplifies the process of diagnosis and minimize time for its conclusion. In addition, the color threshold assessment becomes more objective and precise. New data from the study of children with congenital myopia and amblyopia before and after treatment were obtained, which allow us to use the initial indicators of contrast sensitivity values for CI 95% (2.04-1.74) in points or more (according to the contrast sensitivity test) and the threshold value for blue color for CI 95% (5,27-2,33) units or less to predict an increase in visual acuity by 0.2-0.4 units after treatment. The data obtained indicate the expediency of including in the complex treatment of children with congenital myopia and amblyopia mandatory training of contrast sensitivity, if it is less than 1.74 points, and stimulation with light of different colors, if the threshold for blue color exceeds 5.27 units. The results of the work were introduced into the clinical practice of the binocular vision disorder laboratory, SI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine» and in the ophthalmology department of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Ivano-Frankivsk. Scope – medicine, ophthalmology.
