Susulovska S. Phytonematodes Longidoridae of urban ecosystems of Roztochia and Opillia (Ukraine): taxonomic structure and fauna formation

The thesis is devoted to the study of taxonomic composition and fauna formation patterns of soil nematodes of the family Longidoridae in natural and urban ecosystems on the territory of Roztochia and Opillia. Taxonomic structure of Longidoridae fauna of the researched region is determined for the first time. It comprises 17 species belonging to three genera: Longidorus, Paralongidorus and Xiphinema. The genus Paralongidorus and 12 longidorid species are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. On the basis of morphological analysis of representatives of the subfamily Longidorinae an original classification of lip region and tail structure types was proposed. Morphology of all the recorded Longidoridae species is described in detail. According to the result of molecular analysis of D2-D3 28S rDNA segments of seven populations with atypical morphometric values validity of specific identification was confirmed. Ontogeny of six species was studied in detail. Distinct pattern of changes in morphometrics of functional and replacement odontostyles and tail structure helps to identify species оn all developmental stages. Phylogeographic analysis revealed that Longidoridae fauna of Roztochia and Opillia was formed in postglacial period. It is composed mostly of the species which originated in refuge areas located in Alps and Carpathian Mountains during the Last Glacial Maximum. All the indigenous species of the researched region were divided into two species complexes: floodplain and steppe. Adventive component of the urban fauna in researched region is presented by five species, which has arrived there due to the human activity. Species diversity of Longidoridae in different types of green spaces depends on the history of their formation and intensity of human activity. An analysis of faunal similarity of the studied habitats shows that they are clearly divided into two separate groups (Is=0,2). The first one comprises natural habitats and urban forests of Lviv city and the second one includes all the other types of green spaces of cities.