The object of research is the ecological substantiation of protection of cucumbers against mycoses in the closed ground at complex application of biological preparations in technology of cultivation. The subject of research is mycoses of cucumbers, strains, cultural-morphological and antagonistic features of fungi of the genus Trichoderma, principles and norms of application of biological preparations. The aim was to substantiate the principles and norms of application of biological preparations based on different strains-producers for protection of cucumbers from mycoses in the closed ground from the point of view of ecological safety and economic expediency. Scientific novelty: the actual scientific problem of ecological safety and technological methods of control of fungal diseases in greenhouses during the harvesting period is solved. Methods: analytical, microbiological, field, economic, mathematical and static. The results of experimental studies are the basis of an adapted environmentally friendly system of protection of cucumbers from fungal infections in the closed ground, which includes the integrated use of biological products: Trichodermin, Gaupsin, Planriz, Phytocid, which allows to reduce pesticide press on agroecosystem and obtain environmentally friendly standards.
A complex of phytopathogenic organisms of closed soil cucumbers was established, diseases of fungal etiology dominated: root rot (39.1%), Alternaria (20.7%), Cladosporiosis (15.2%), Gray rot (9.6%), Ascochitosis (6%), powdery mildew (5.2%). It is established that for the development of most phytopathogens the optimum air temperature is 15-20 °С and air humidity is 80-100%. As a result of research conducted in 2015-2016, 6 strains of fungi-antagonists of the genus Trichoderma (2 strains of T. lignorum, 4 strains of T. longibrachiatum) were isolated from vegetable and natural biocenoses of Kyiv region. The highest antagonistic activity among all selected strains Trichoderma lignorum CК, three days later the zone of growth retardation with the test object Fusarium solani was 16.0 mm, with Alternaria cucumeriana - 45.0 mm, with Botrytis cinerea - 50.0 mm, with Cladosporium cucumerinum - 50.0 mm. When deep cultivation on corn-molasses medium, the productivity of the strain T. lignorum СК was 3*107 chlamydospores / ml, and the biomass yield was 13.7 g /l. The influence of nitrogen and carbon nutrition sources on biomass accumulation and fungal differentiation, on the growth and formation of chlamydospores is significantly influenced by complex organic carbon sources - molasses and corn extract. Based on the obtained data, an ecologically safe system of protection of cucumbers from mycoses indoors during spring-summer and summer-autumn crop rotation was developed, which includes complex application of biologicals in greenhouses: seed treatment on sowing day (soaking in Trichodermin preparations, 4 l). / t), Gaupsin (4.0 l / t), Phytocide, s. (2.5 l / t), the use of biological drugs by drip (Trichodermin, s. (10 l / ha), Gaupsin (4 l / ha) ha), Phytocide, s. (2.5 l / ha)) at the beginning of the growing season (BBCH 12-49) 2-3 times in 7 days, spraying cucumbers with biological drugs (Trichodermin, s. (5 l / ha), Gaupsin (4.0 l / ha), Phytocide, s. (2.5 l / ha)) in the late development phase (BBCH 59-89) at least 3 times with an interval of 10 days. Key word: ecological justification, biological products, mycoses, cucumber, abiotic aspects, greenhouses.
