Penaki A. Improving the efficiency of forming and evaluating the quality of lots of wheat for various purposes

The dissertation is devoted to the development of rational methods for assessing and controlling the impact on the quality indicators and the formation of batches of wheat for various purposes, which will increase the efficiency of using the grain potential and the grain fund. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state of the grain market in Ukraine, the quantity and quality of wheat grain for various purposes. For the period 2000-2019 shows the annual fluctuating tendencies of changes in most indicators of grain production in Ukraine: growth in yields and gross harvest of wheat, the nature of wheat, falling numbers, protein and gluten content, the content of grains damaged by a bug-turtle. The analysis of methods for determining indicators of wheat quality according to international and domestic standards is presented. It is shown that most indicators of wheat quality have similar methods of determination, however, there are differences in some indicators of quality and their use. Changes in the quality indicators of wheat grain in the southern regions of Ukraine in 2016 harvest were investigated and ranges of their values were established. It was shown that the nature of all samples of wheat of 2 ... 6 classes exceeded the standard values. More than 50% of wheat of 5 and 6 classes exceeded the standard values for wheat of 3 classes both in protein content (≥11.0%) and in gluten content (≥18%), and in terms of gluten quality they met the requirements of class 2 wheat (45. .. 100 units of the IDK device). The falling number significantly exceeded the norm (180 s) even for class 2 wheat. Shown is the heterogeneity of grain masses by individual quality indicators. To prevent significant deviations in the direction of deteriorating the quality of the formed batch of wheat, it is necessary for the ambassador of calculating its composition to conduct an experimental clarification of quality indicators, especially for the quantity and quality of gluten, which do not obey the law of mixing. It is shown that the use of linear programming methods, implemented in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor, makes it possible to obtain batches of the optimal composition of food wheat of high quality from non-food wheat grain. This allows enterprises to receive additional income due to the difference in their prices.