Kopylova O. Ecological monitoring of breaking of aquatic ecosystems (case of the Styr River)

The dissertation is devoted to substantiation of necessity of introduction of ecological monitoring of the broken aquatic ecosystem as a component of integrated management of river basins. There have been defined the main natural and anthropogenic factors of the influence to develop an effective environmental monitoring program, as for forming the ecological state of the basin, so on the qualitative state of surface water. It is determined that the level of anthropogenic loading in the Styr River basin forms a significant number of point (industrial and municipal enterprises) and diffusive (flowing from agricultural and residential areas, landfills, livestock farms, etc.) sources of influence. The current state of management in the river basin (upper and partly middle sections) has led to a violation of the optimum balance of changed and conditionally intact areas. Taking into account all these factors, there is a need for urgent environmental protection measures aimed at optimizing the landscape structure of the catchment area. The quality of the aquatic environment of the Styr River has been assessed according to a set of hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators for its analysis as a habitat for hydrocoles and a fresh water resource. Priorities in the formation of water quality are the indicators of the tropho-saprobiological block (BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, nitrites, phosphates) and the block of specific substances of toxic and radiation action (iron, zinc, manganese). The overall water risk in 2020 is assessed as “below average”. It is established that the probability of water stress for the Styr River basin for 2030 and 2040, providing that the existing level of anthropogenic loading is maintained, will increase and correspond to the category “from medium to high”. In the structure of the model of ecological monitoring of the river basin has been offered a list of indicators, periodicity of their control and rapid assessment of the ecological state of the aquatic ecosystem, which are available for implementation by public organizations and ecologically conscious people. According to the results of the research of the broken aquatic ecosystem of the Styr River, taking into account the main aquatic-ecological problems and the specifics of each water resource region the compensatory measures have been proposed. They are based on reducing the actual level of loading by point and diffuse sources, optimization of the landscape-territorial structure and control of hydromorphological changes. The implementation of the proposed compensatory measures will contribute to the achievement of the strategic environmental goal.