Object of study. The regularities of creation of biocompatible nanocomposites containing nanooxides modified with biologically active compounds, establishment of filler content influence on formation of polymer matrix and complex of physicochemical, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of created systems. The aim of this work is to create nanocomposite materials based on polyurethane-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix and nanooxides modified with biologically active compounds for biomedical application, to study the structure of nanocomposites and effect of structure on the controlled release of biologically active compounds. Research methods and equipment: small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy; sorption vacuum installation with Mac-Ben balances; dynamic-mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, stress-strain testing; biocompatibility studies were also performed by in vitro and in vivo methods.
In the work, for the first time the nanocomposites based on a multicomponent polymer matrix, created on the principle of IPN, which contain nanofillers with a surface modified with biologically active compounds, were synthesized. The nanocomposites demonstrated controlled and prolonged release of biologically active compounds into the environment, demonstrated the dependence of parameters of release on the composition of nanocomposites. It was shown that the release of biologically active compounds from nanocomposites became slower in case of nanodomain structure of the matrix formation, which consists of domains of different polymers, and in case of nanocomposites, where there is a thermodynamic affinity between the polymer matrix and fillers. Acceleration of biologically active compounds release occurs in case of nanocomposites, where there is no thermodynamic affinity between the polymer matrix and the fillers.
Studies of the biocompatibility of the created nanocomposites have shown that regardless of the type of deposited substance (zinc and silver compounds, metronidazole, decamethoxine), the nanocomposites after implantation did not show a local inflammatory reaction and have no general toxic effect on experimental animals. They are comparable to foreign counterparts in antimicrobial properties. According to the conclusion of E. Pirogov Vinnytsia National Medical University, where studies of the created nanocomposites were conducted, the material is promising for use in the biomedical application namely for the manufacture of surgical coatings, implants, catheters, drainages and other products. It is shown that during of the nanocomposites formation based on polyurethane matrix with filler densyl at its minimum content (1%), the densyl is almost evenly distributed in the matrix.With increasing content of filler the aggregation in the form of mass fractal formations appeared which typical of the original nanofiller. The introduction of the second polymer component in the matrix - PHEMA, helps to expand the range of homogenization of the distribution of the nanofiller. It was found, for the first time, that the thermodynamic parameters of interactions in nanocomposites based on PU / PHEMA matrix significantly affect the release of biologically active compounds from the nanocomposites. It was shown that the hydrophilicity of the created nanocomposites is regulated by changing the ratio of polymer components and amount of filler.
