Pydiura M. Analysis of the structural organization of the family of tubulin and cellulose synthase genes and the relationship between their expression during the formation of cellulose fiber

In this work, the genes of cytoskeletal proteins (α-, β-, γ-tubulin and actin) and cellulose synthases in the flax genome were identified and characterized. Based on structural analysis and phylogenetic similarity, different genes of these protein families were assigned to the corresponding functional isotypes. It is shown that the polymorphism of the intron length of Linum tubulin genes indicates that intron-related regulatory elements can affect the expression of these genes, and variations in the length of intron 3 of α-tubulin, introns 1 and 2 of β-tubulin and intron 2 of actin position them as important targets for the study of intron length polymorphism of different Linum species (ILP method). While working on this part of the work, the methods of computer high-performance bioinformatics research on computational clusters and in Grid were improved, which significantly enhanced the performance of such calculations as sequence analysis and modeling of protein molecules and their complexes. A unique system of structural and biological data management was also created, which allowed to automate the processing, ensure the accumulation, annotation and reuse of data obtained during the research. Furthermore, the expression levels of individual CesA, α-tubulin and actin genes in seedlings and stems at the stage of rapid growth in four varieties of flax of different subspecies were measured and conclusions were made about the functional role of different protein isotypes encoded by these genes. Based on the obtained results, strategic approaches for the application of methods for editing genes of cytoskeletal proteins, primarily various tubulin genes, are proposed in order to strengthen their functional role for the improvement of flax cellulose fibers.