Buts O. Nonequilibrium dissipative structures in solids (Metals and alloys under influence of ionized and intensive electromagnetic irradiation)

Two nonequilibrium systems - binary alloy (solid solution) under cascade-producing irradiation and a medium with nonlinearities that are conditioned by heterogeneities (two metals junction, as an example) under intensive electromagnetic radiation, are explored as the basis for investigation of nonequilibrium stationary states and formation of nonequilibrium structures in solids. It is shown that the stationary state of the alloy under irradiation can be described by nonequilibrium structural - phase diagram. Similarity and difference of this diagram from thermodynamical one is studied. The processes of structural formation while nonlinear penetration of electromagnetic energy in conducting medium are investigated. It is shown that the nonlinearities that are caused by the heterogeneity, leads to anomalous penetration of electromagnetic energy in conducting medium.