Glazko T. A destabilizing of chromosome apparatus in animals of different taxa as a index of ecological changes

The search of genetic destabilizing traits, preceding to mutation formation, is necessary for the problem solutions of bioindication and prognosis of the consequences of ecological changes. One of such trait can be the spatial chromosome arrangement. In this relation the researches of somatic animal's cells of different taxa located in varying ecological conditions were carried out. The dividing of chromosomes to haploid sets in metaphase plates was revealed. The cell transition to cultural conditions was accompanied by destruction of chromosome organization in haploid sets. The main event, associated with phenotype evolution of cells in vitro was the chromosome copy changes (aneuploidy). In bone marrow cells of laboratory mice lines in conditions of chronic low dose ionizing irradiation the increases of frequencies only on that cytogenetic anomalies, which variability arising in connection with the age, the seasons of researches were observed. The analysis of cytogenetic anomalies in three vole's spec ies had shown the species-specific traits of the answer on the genotoxic effects. The increase of aneuploid cells and the decrease of metaphases with close arrangement of homologous chromosomes in evolutionary most "young" of investigated vole species, ordinary vole, were observed. The statistically authentic correlation between frequency of aneuploid cells and metaphases with remote arrangement of homologous chromosomes in different cattle breeds and intrabreed groups were detected. The obtained data testified the existence of underchromosomal level of ordering and connection of its destruction with a karyotype destabilizing in conditions of ecological changes (chemical, temperature influences, virus infection, ionizing irradiation).