3. Object of research: mechanisms of functioning and conformities with the law of skeletal muscles development of animals with different regimes of their activity.Objective of research: studying mechanisms of functioning of different muscle and skeletal elements; ascertainment of the main reasons of their formation; holding a revision of some terms and main conceptual statements concerning muscles' tonus, traction and relaxation, integration, differentiation, transformation and reduction, as well as main factors, which continuously influence the processes of their ordinary development; create a new biomechanic conception of its ordinary development in general as in onto- so in phylogenesis. Researching methods and equipment: electromyographic, biomechanic and comparatively-anatomic.Theoretical and practical results: For the first time there was stated a biomechanic functional and transform conception of muscles and skeleton system development of backboned. Practical importance of the work is in showingreal reasons of different anomalies and neoformations of muscle and skeletal elements; reasons and mechanisms of appearance of so-called atavisms, polymels, polydactyls, rudiment and heterotopic organs are explained. Newness of introduced achivements: For the first time with the help of modern electromyographic and biomechanic methods of researches mechanisms of somatic muscles functioning have been studied and the main factors of their formation have been determined. It was also shown for the first time that skeletal muscles and different types of conjunctive tissue structures form and exhibit activity during their exertion on spraining in order to resist the gravitation forces and biomechanic factors.The leading role of gravitation factor and biomechanical function action on forming and development of muscles and skeleton elements on all levels of structural and functional organization of ontogenetic development has been proved.There has been formed a new conception of biomechanical conformities with the law about the directed development of muscle and skeletal system of backbones by continuous transformation and differentiation of the original muscle tissue into other types of supporting elements.Level of introduction: Results of researches, stated in dissertation, are implemented on the department chair of normal and pathologic anatomy and on the department chair of surgery of NAU, as well as adopted for usage in the studying process and scientific and research work of the department chairs of anatomy of Bila Tserkva State Agricultural University, Zhytomyr State Agroecological University, Taras Schevchenko's Kyiv National University, Ukrainian Medical and Dental Academy, National Medical University, V.S.Stefanyk's Carpathian University, Lugansk Medical University, Crimean State Medical University, Vinnyts'a National Medical University, Dnipropetrovsk State Agricultural University, Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, L'viv National Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Crimean State Agrotechnical University, Ternopil' State Medical Academy; in the department of evolutional morphology of backbones of I.I.Schmalgauzen Institute of Zoology of NASU, department of clinical physiology and pathology of supportive and motional apparatus of the Institute of Gerontology of AMS of Ukraine, department of patomorphology of the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of AMS of Ukraine.Sphere (area) of usage: zoology, humane and veterinary medicine.
