Margitich V. Fatty acid composition under pathological conditions and its modulation by N-acylethanolamines

Investigation objects: alteration of the lipid composition under pathological conditions and influence of unfavourable environmental factors in humans and rats; restoration of lipid composition under experimental pathological conditions in rats under the influence of N-acylethanolamines (NAE). Aim of the work: to establish and characterise the fatty acid composition under pathological conditions in humans and laboratory animals, and, on the background of the experiments with the usage of appropriate pathological conditions models, to propose the possibility of restoration of the fatty acid composition of impaired tissues by NAE. Methods: gas chromatography of the fatty acids, their monohydroxilated derivatives, and cholesterol, micro thin layer chromatography of phospholipids. Basic and applied results: It was shown for the first time that under chronic pathological conditions in humans (coronary artery disease, essential hypertension, thyroid carcinoma), and rats (morphine dependence) general changesin fatty acid composition have some common features that could be explained on the background of the theory of homeoviscous adaptation, ( the increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is compensated by the elevation of the total or free cholesterol, and the decrease of PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is compensated by the drop of the total or free cholesterol. Acute pathologies are associated by the increase of levels of the free and esterified in phospholipids MUFA and PUFA, as well as lyso-phosphatidylcholine, that, however, are not compensated by the enhancement of the total or free cholesterol. The possibility to select NAE for the restoration of the altered lipid composition under acute ischemia / reperfusion and morphine dependence was proposed on the background of the appropriate pathology model studies. Degree of application: the elaboration of novel cardioprotective medicine N-acylethanolamine was started, toxicological studies were carried out. Fields of application: basic biochemistry, health care, and pharmaceuticals.