Zakharenko G. Biological basis of introduction and cultivation of cypresses (Cupressus L.)

Object - Processes of introduction, acclimatization and practical use of species from genus Cupressus L. in Ukraine and countries of UIS. the purpose of work - To determine the laws of structure of introduced populations and work out the recommendations on increaring of introduction effectiveness from popular biologi-cal positions and spreaden the cultural area of species of genus Cupressus on the South of the Ukraine and in countries of UIS. methods - accepted in forest-taxation, morphology, phenol-ogy, cytoembriology and biochemistry of plants, and also in phenetic of populations. novelty - phylogenetic links have been verified on the base of complex investigations far the first time; two sections Ameri-cana sect. nova and Afrasiana sect. nova have been determined in genus Cupressus. Adaptive changeability of rhythm growth and development of reproductive organs of Cupressus in natu-ral areals and in culture have been valued; the mechanisms of panmixes linked with phenotypical determination of sex,dixogamy and phenological heterogamy of populations have been studies. It is established, that elimination of some part of pollen and seeds in alive ripen cones is the result of natural selection, controlled by phenotype of mother tree. It is shown the possibility of forming Cupressus populations in culture, which are very close to natural populations according to the level of balance of polymorphism; 27 new cultivars of five species have been described and the possibility of propagation of species, forms and cultivars by seeds, cuttings and graftings have been described. The possibility of using of Cupressus for creation of parks have been evaluated; the evaluation of reproductive devel-opment, growth and ecological resistance of 15 species of Cupressus has been given. The ways of further introduc-tion and spreading of second areals have been determined. results - 27 new cultivars have been selected and the methods of their vegetative propagation have been worked out. The recommendations about using of Cupressus in landscape gardening in the Crimea have been published. branch - gardens, parks and forestry.