Vasyukov O. Chemical analysis in the estimation of ecological state of surface water body

Objects of investigation:components of water bodies (freshwater) - water, bottom sediments, algae and higher water vegetation. The aim: development of eco-analytics of heavy metals (HM) and elaboration of principles of organization and methodology of chemical monitoring of HM in surface water bodies, which will allow to perform environmental assessment of theses bodies and their separate components. Methods: various types of volt-amperemetry (VA) with mercury drop electrode, atom-absorption spectrometry, ionometry, molecular absorptiometry, gravimetry, titrimetry, modeling of water ecosystems, investigation of water bodies in field conditions. Scientific novelty: a possibility to use various types of VA for assessment of buffer capacity of free (ionic) forms of HM in water is shown; it is proposed to apply VA for study of kinetics of detoxication of HM ions and for research of processes of distribution of free ions of HM in water ecosystem components; analytic capabilities of VA in water analysisis generalized and developed; a mechanism of occurrence of catalytic current of oxidants due to regeneration of depolarisator caused by chemical reaction in systems Cr(VI), Cr(III) - nitrite (nitrate) is found out; it is proposed to characterize physiological activity of metal forms with respect to vegetations as a coefficient of toxicity and to qualitative characterize bottom sediments contamination on a basis of comparison of successions of concentration row and row built on the value of clarkes of metals for world soils; chemical criteria for environmental assessment of surface water body state with respect to metal content are proposed and justified. Practical value: 19 methodics for carrying out of analysis on chemical substances content in soil, surface water and treated waste waters are used in analytical departments and research institutions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine. Five ISO standards are introduced; they were approved as national standards of Ukraine; methodology of assessment of metal ions impact on environment is developed on the example of HM ions impact on environmental state of surface waters, that is fixed in state construction norms of Ukraine (DBN A.2.2-1-95).