Domnich V. Role of hoofed (SERVIDAE, BOVIDAE) and predatory (CANIDAE) in biogeotsenosis of separate regions of the Palaearctic.

The objects are Cervus elaphus, Cervus dama, Capreolus capreolus, Alces alces, Ovis ammon musimon , Ovibos moschatus, Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes. The aims are to establish the regularity of number's formation, structure of hoofed and predatory populations, their role in various biogeocenoses, and to plan the pathes of optimization the number and exploitation. The methods are aircount, visual count, atomic absorption spectophotometery. It is proved, that despite far distances and various conditions of existence biotic potentials of hoofed have the approximately equal values. It is shown, that it is typical for general regularities of forming of fecundity of animals regardless of region both for hoofed, and for predatory. On the basis of molecular-genetic analysis of mitohondrial DNC the existence of the Crimean, Carpathians and Caucasian subspecies of red deer was not confirmed. It is studied, that, notwithstanding the great remoteness of comparing regions of the Palaearctic, in the behaviour reactionsof hoofed animals similarity in the dynamics of day's activity is traced. Trophic and ecscretoric activity of hoofed accelerates the processes of gumification, increases maintenance of mineral substances in soil and accelerates the growth of vegetation of pasture biogeotsenosis. It is demonstrated, that in the south-west region of the Palaearctic maintenance of heavy metals in the organisms of hoofed and predatory animals does not exceed maximum possible concentrations, except lead and cupper. Application spheres are the hunting management and the training courses.