Chebotar S. Molecular-genetic analysis of Ukrainian bread wheat gene pool.

The executed researches allowed to estimate the level of genetic diversity within the Ukrainian bread winter wheat genetic pool, to create the catalogue of alleles of microsatellite (MS) loci of the Ukrainian wheat varieties, to conduct comparisons of the Ukrainian wheat genetic pool with the European wheats. Distributing of allele frequencies at MS-loci in Ukrainian wheat genetic pool is significant different from allele frequencies in other ecology-geographical regions. It is shown, that more than 80 % Ukrainian wheat varieties including modern have heterogenity. Significant changes in allelic frequencies of different loci have happened during the last 90 years of selection. Introduction and wide distribution of the dwarfing genes Rht8c, Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in the genotypes of the Ukrainian wheat varieties were detected. More than 95 % of varieties have been classified as hard wheats and some varieties that have alleles Pina-D1а and Pinb-D1а - are soft. Ukrainian modern wheat varieties mainly have not null-alleles of Wx-genes which are involved in the control of amylose content in the starch. The introduction of MAS in the Ukrainian breeding programs is offered, in particular for acceleration of creation of semidwarf and linear winter wheat varieties. There were mapped 165 microsatellite-loci on 3 homoelogous group of chromosomes of T. aestivum and genetic polymorphism of theses microsatellites have been analysed. The methodical approach have been developed and effectively deployed to establish the purity of genebank accessions after in ex situ-collections.