Borisenko M. Resource-saving elements of technologies for grape culture location, vineyard establishment and grape-growing practice in the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea

This thesis presented a theoretical synthesis and a new approach to solving the problem of ac-commodation, bookmark and management of vineyards in the Crimea. The table varieties with large clusters and berries Kishmich louchistyi and Kishmish moldavskii have been classified as promising for the foothill area of the Crimea. The European grape varieties, new to the south of Ukraine and the Crimea, such as Cabernet franc, Gamay noir, Colombard, Black Egiodola, Black Ariarnoa, Sirah and White Liliorila, have been recommended for further testing within the framework of the State Variety Trial System. A number of autochthonous grapes already found in the State Register of varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine (Solnechnodolinskii, Soldaia, Sary pandas, Kapselskii belyi, Kok pandas and Jevat kara) have been classified as valu-able varieties to be grown in the south-eastern area of the Crimea. Systems of training to be em-ployed when a trellis is lacking or has a limited use have been developed and tested under condi-tions of commercial grape growing. It has been tested experimentally that a considerable reduc-tion in the costs of vineyard establishment can be achieved by the use of planting material which is not in routine use in the Crimea, such as vegetating rooted vines and non-stratified grafts in the polyethylene bandage. Principle elements of a resource-saving technology for restoration of old vineyards have been developed. It has been proved that four or five low-volume spray treatments envisaging the use of a pesticide of up to 8 kg per ha and that of the active ingredient of the preparation of up to 250 l per ha lead to a two-fold and three to five-fold reduction in the con-sumption of the preparation and the active ingredient, respectively, the total level of savings making 608 hrn per ha. A formula to calculate the consumption of the active ingredient based on the leaf area per ha instead of the vineyard area to be treated has been developed. An excellent coverage of the leaves with the active ingredient of the preparation has been achieved by the use of the aerosol generator ГАРД-1, and an optimum vineyard coverage width of 400-500 m has been established. The level of pesticide savings is 50% without a reduction in effectiveness of protection measures. The domestic plant regulator "Эмистим С" at a dose of 50 mg/l has been found effective, enabling considerable increases in yields and sugar content of the fruit. Gibber-ellin application at 40, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l depending on the variety is recommended to improve shoot growth and to increase cluster weight in seedless varieties. The level of 40-50 mg/l is op-timal for seeded varieties and those with functionally female flowers. The treatment should be applied ten days after mass flowering. Agronomically important soil indices characterizing the suitability of chernozems of the foothill and brown soils of the South Coast of the Crimea for establishing vineyards have been determined. A new technology for cultivation of vineyards has been developed with an energy consumption 20-25% lower than that of its available counterpart. New technological norms have been raised referring to the logical consumption of resources for farms of the step and the foothill areas of the Crimea.