Objects of investigation: hybrid organic-inorganic materials represented by such classes as functionalized polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane xerogels and mesoporous silicas. Purposes of the work: The goal of this dissertation was studying the influence of the nature of initial components and synthesis conditions of sol-gel and template methods on the basic physical, chemical, and structural-adsorption characteristics of hybrid organic-inorganic materials; the elaboration of directed routes of synthesis of polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane xerogels and mesoporous silicas with mono-, bi- or threefunctional surface layer with nitrogen, phosphorus-, oxygen- and sulfercontaining functional groups. Methods and apparatus: Quantum-chemical and a number of physical methods: thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM, TEM and AFM, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, solid-state NMR Spectroscopy, Electron Reflection Spectroscopy, metal probe method in EPR spectral version, and adsorption method. Theoretical and practical results: A general approach to the synthesis of polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane xerogels and mesoporous silicas and with polyfunctional surface layer containing complexing groups was developed. The established dependencies open new ways of synthesis of novel hybrid organic-inorganic materials, including sorbents with programmed basic characteristics. Obtained sorbents are promising for selective extraction and concentration of heavy metals, including precious, and also Lanthanide and Actinide from their technological solutions. Novelty: The methods of synthesis of polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane xerogels functionalized by amino, thiol, (thio)urea, carboxyl and (thio)phosphoryl groups were developed. The influence of reacting aloxysilanes' nature and the synthesis conditions on structural and adsorptive properties of xerogels with monofunctional layer was determined. The methods of synthesis of xerogels with bifunctional surface layer that contains a combination of different functional groups were also developed. The template method of synthesis of mesoporous silicas with mono- , bi-, and and threefunctional surface layer characterized by high surface area values (1000 - 1300 m2/g) and high content of complexing groups (up to 2 mmol/g) was developed. The application of a number of physical methods gave understanding of surface structure of hybrid organic-inorganic materials. We determined the high sorption capacity of synthesized materials to ions of heavy metals, lanthanides, and uranyl-ion. The main rules and basic scientific principles of directed synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic sorption materials were formulated. The degree of application: Sorption technologies, catalysis, biosensors, ecoanalitical chemistry. Application field: Materials of the dissertation are included in the lecture course in the specialty, attended by the graduate students of Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine.
