Water reservoirs suffer permanent anthropogenic load in natural conditions of central Polissya (Polesia), and their top contaminators are metal ions and decomposition products of metabolites of hydrobionts. The peculiarities of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the body of five species of mollusks have been singled out. It has been shown the distribution of these elements in tissues and organs of mollusks. It has been calculated the coefficient of storage, bottom biological accumulation and the coefficient of correlation of Spirmen's ranks. It has been established that according to the amount of accumulation of heavy metals V. viviparus is the indicated type, and the accumulation of ions of heavy metals in the body of mollusks depends on their power and features of their living in the habitat. The maximum possible value is characterized by the accumulation of Cd L. stagnalis, Cu - P. purpura, Pb - U. rostratus, Zn - V. viviparus. It has been analyzed the populous and species' seasonal variability of physical and chemical properties of hemolymph P. corneus and P.purpura and their dependence on trematodes' invasion. It has been established that the invasion of E. aconiatum increases metabolism, С. cornutus - inhibits it, and T. excavate, in that respect, is a little significant factor for these animals. The author specifies the structural and functional characteristics of hemocytes P. purpura in infested and non infested species. It has been studied the features of protein metabolism (total protein, albumin, globulins, protein index, urea, urea nitrogen, residual nitrogen), carbohydrate and energy metabolism (glycogen, oligosaccharides, glucose, -amylase, pyruvate and lactate, the correlation of nicotinamidic coenzymes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, the coefficient de Ritisa) in P.purpura and L. stagnalis under the trematodes' invasion. It has been studied the cumulation, physical and chemical properties of the hemolymph, the characteristics of hemocytes, leaking of protein, carbohydrate and energy metabolism under the influence of heavy metal ions in acute toxic (LC2548, LC5048, LC7548) and chronic (0,5, 2, 5 and 10 MAC) experiments in non infested and infested trematodes Planorbarius purpura. The adaptive energy level of the organism of mollusks is provided by the balance of formation, redistribution and utilization of basic energy components of cells - glucose, glycogen and protein. The efficiency of this process is achieved by the consistency of functions of hepatopancreas (metabolic activity), mantle (the main depot of energy resources), hemolymph (maintenance of homeostasis of metabolites). The united system of energy exchange is activated during the invasion: glycolysis - gluconeogenesis - glucose-alanine cycle. It has been found out that the metabolism of mollusks in aquatic habitat contaminated by metal ions is characterized by accelerated leaking, providing immediate response to stress, thereby rapidly forming initial response to the external factor, that is manifested in the rapid correction of the affected factor by the influence of metabolic or physiological parameter and maintaining of homeostasis system (hemolymph, energy and nitrogen metabolism).
