Ulyanova E. Structure and composition transformations in fossil coals and their relation to kinetics of mining processes

Object: coal nanostructure on all the degrees of metamorphism and its change in emission-dangerous, methane-saturated zones of coal layers. The purpose: the determination of laws of structural and composite transformations in the fossil coal, well explaining the changes occurring in coal, both in process of metamorphism, and under the influence of the geotechnological factors defining the kinetics of mining processes. Methods: small-angle scattering and large-angle scattering X-ray analysis, the nuclear magnetic resonance-spectroscopy of the high permission, combinational dispersion, Mossbauer and x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy, sorption and gravimetric methods. Results: it is shown, that each mark of coal is answered with the prevailing cluster size with packing of carbon atoms as a graphite lattice to what the accurate maximum on x-ray diffraction pattern in the field of small corners of dispersion testifies. It is revealed, that small-angle scattering of x-ray radiation influences on the intensity function on a considerable range of a diffraction vector. For the first time the genesis of composite structure of hydrocarbons in coal at all the metamorphism stages and redistribution of hydrocarbons in emission-dangerous zones after the gas-dynamic phenomena is shown. Models of coal nanostructure, explaining changes which occur in it are offered. It is shown, that carbon of coal which is in sp2 hybridizations of atomic orbital, forms the graphite-like and conjugate-chain structures. Field of application: physics of solid state, physics of mass transfer, physics of mining industry