Baturkin V. Thermal control systems on the base of heat pipes for space instrument-making

Dissertation is devoted to solution of the scientific and applied problem of creation of theoretical base for development of the high-efficient thermal control systems (TCS) of scientific space apparatus functioning in the nonhermetic compartments of space vehicles, with the use of heat pipes, executing the functions of heat transport and regulation of temperature at the set level. The methods of theoretical analysis, experimental testing and computer modeling were used. On the basis of theoretical and experimental researches of heat transfer in the system "space vehicle - device - TCS - space environment" and heat-mass exchange in heat pipes the following scientific results are obtained. First it is grounded and experimentally confirmed, that the use of own variable heat generation of scientific devices is a basis for function of the thermal control systems for providing their thermal modes at the level of 290 K with the gas-regulated heat pipes, operating as a passive regulator of the device temperature. Expedience of the use of sun energy for function of the TCS of autonomous devices at the deficit of energy of space vehicle is proved. It is offered and tested in the full-scale experiments in space a new thermal scheme of passive radiation TCS of CCD, functioning at the temperature level of 233 K. A new conception of the TCS creation, foreseeing thermal connection by the heat pipes of several radiators, definitely oriented in space, is grounded. Principles of providing the thermal modes of near-Earth microsatellites, being based on minimization of thermal resistance between the units of satellite, are developed, and their approbation in space is first carried out. The scientific value of work consists in substantiation of main principles of providing the thermal modes of the scientific equipment of small space vehicles and creation of new efficient thermal schemes of passive TCS with heat pipes. The practical value of dissertation work consists in development of the systematized complex approach to creation of passive TCS of scientific apparatus. On the basis of the use of the created scientific base and new constructional-technological decisions the samples of heat pipes and TCS for 11 scientific devices, applied in 6 international space missions, are developed and fabricated. The results of the work are intended for the use in space instrument-making: near-Earth satellites of communication, automatic space stations, landing modules, and also can be used in electronic industry, heat power engineering and sun power engineering.