The dissertation work shows the theoretical generalization and methodologically new solution of scientific problem of landscape and ecological optimization of exploitation of natural resource potential of steppe Crimea on the principles of balanced natural resources application by implementation of standards of sustainable development as the coordination of social, economic and environmental interests, the structure and modes of nature usage with ecological, first of all environmental requirements, as well as the harmonization of agriculture, forestry and water management. It is shown that the most vulnerable to natural conditions and burden of agricultural production is the territory of the steppe part of the peninsula, which is unsatisfactory, and sometimes is in critical ecological status, has a high level of anthropogenic transformation of natural and agricultural ecosystems and the lowest environmental stability. The consequences of influence of negative anthropogenic and natural ecological factors on the state of agricultural landscapes, the natural environment and the ecological security of the region, the productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems, economically valuable species of plants are shown. The prospects and directions of the implementation of the biological agriculture, the prospects for the development of irrigated rice systems were determined. A program of measures to protect the soil of the region from clogging with ruderal vegetation, erosion, to enrich by elements of nutrition was offered. The efficiency of the use of alternative energy in the agriculture of the Crimea was evaluated. To improve livestock attention is concentrated on the comprehensive solution of livestock production problem given the regulatory requirements, methods and strategy of the biological keeping of animals, energy saving system and feeding of cows. A program for the preservation, increase in volumes and improve of the use of limited water resources for agricultural production and population's needs was developed. Agroforestry principles of harmonization of activity of agricultural and forestry sectors, increase of stability agrolandscapes, conservation and reconstruction of natural landscapes by means of cooperation with the program of design of the ecological network were presented. Developed scientific-methodological and organizational proposals for environmental and economic improvement and harmonization of sectoral system of economic management, optimization of the structure of agricultural landscapes will facilitate the introduction of the standards of thrifty and balanced use of resources of the region in practice, will create prerequisites of spread of European standards of creation of socio-economically, ecologically balanced landscapes, will facilitate the improvement conditions of production and life in the steppe Crimea.
