The thesis is devoted to the investigation of modern topical scientific problem of the relationship between philosophy and literature. The essence of the eminent work of the 20th century, "The Decline of the West", written by Oswald Spengler and its role in the development of the literary process in the 1920-1930s have been considered for the first time. The work considers the genesis and conceptual meaning of the Faustian culture as a dominant in book The Decline of the West, highlights Spengler's prosymbols of the Faustian culture as a form of its conceptual realization. Moreover, it generalizes the factors how Oswald Spengler's The Decline of the West was perceived by the philosophy of culture, literature and art. The process of correlation and interaction of Faustian culture concept and literature has been studied at three levels - aesthetic, poetological and typological, thus, it provided a new peculiarity for its further development in literature. Aesthetic, artistic and literary meanings of such phenomena as "Faustian culture" and "declining" have been stressed as the most important world-view concepts of the critical state of the 20th century, being studied in the literary process of the given period. Forms and means of the artistic and aesthetic interpretation of Faustian culture concepts (declining, Faustian type of a personality, city, idea of eternal cognition and world transformation) have been analyzed within the poetology of the West-European, American, Russian and Ukrainian literary works. Correlation and interdependence of Faustian culture development paradigm have been elicited as well as the outbursts of its activity and Faustian theme actualization in the literary works of the Renaissance, Romanticism, and Modernism. Dialectics of development of the cultural and artistic consciousness in the Renaissance, Romanticism, and Modernism has been investigated in terms of the objective reality of Faustian culture concepts. The thesis analyzes the peculiarities how the literature of the 1920s-1930s formed the character of new type on the grounds of the Faustian cultural and literary archetype that was portrayed in the images of an artist hero, a marginal immoralist, a conqueror, a servant, a scholar etc. as the modification of Spengler's image of the Faustian type.
