Shabanov D. Evolutionary ecology of population systems of green frogs' hybridogenetic complex (Pelophylax esculentus complex) from Left Bank forest-steppes of Ukraine.

The subjects were the population systems of Pelophylax esculentus complex from Left Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The objective was to find functioning and evolutionary regularities of population systems of Pelophylax esculentus complex from Left Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Ecological, morphological, biochemical, physiological and statistical methods, genotyping, karyoanalysis, simulation modelling were used as the research methods. The results of long-term research of Pelophylax esculentus complex in Left Bank forest-steppes of Ukraine are represented. The 5 sub-regions were distinguished in the study region. They differ in composition of widespread population systems and populations of Pelophylax esculentus complex representatives. Population systems included Pelophylax esculentus were found in four of these regions, Pelophylax esculentus triploids were registered in two of them. The Seversko-Donetskiy center of green frogs' diversity was described. The hemiclonal inheritance is the reason of hemiclonal population systems (HPS) origin. The simulation model was developed for studying the transformation of HPS of Pelophylax esculentus complex. The dynamic typology of HPS was developed using this model. It was shown, that Pelophylax esculentus complex gives exceptional opportunities for studying the multilevel selection. The hypothesis explained the hybrid-amphispermy and selection for hemiclonal hybridization ability were proposed. The spheres of application are the unique population systems protection, the education courses.