Thesis for a Doctor Degree of Technical Science in speciality 05.14.01 - Power systems and complexes. - National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, 2015.The dissertation is directed to development of scientific and practical approach to improving of energy efficiency of population centres district heating systems on basis of an integrated consideration of the heat sources, heating systems and heat consumers, analysis of current status of systems under review, application of advanced heating supply technologies and modern decision-making methods. The closed chains of cause-and-effect relationships of negative factors and conflicts of district heating supply stakeholders were identified with cognitive analysis elements using. These chains are prerequisites for centralized way thermal energy decrease in production. As a target exposure to situation the development and implementation of phased comprehensive programs for energy efficient modernization of heat sources, heating networks and connected heat consumers was proposed. It was proposed the conceptual model for solving of problem of considered systems energy efficiency increasing. The main structural components of this model are the following indicators: systems status, diagrams of cause-and-effect relationships between indicators of status and system components modernization projects, integrated energy balance, elementary and complex energy-economic models, project selection procedures within limitation conditions. The set of indicators, that characterizes the object under review current status, includes the following heat supply indicators: energy efficiency, structure, reliability and quality of heat supply system. Numerous district heating systems energy audits of cities of Ukraine allowed to set limits of considered indicators variation. The numerical interrelationships between enterprise status and heat production profitability based on energy prices for heating supply district system with natural gas hot-water boilers was elucidated. It was introduced the complex of energy-economic models, which allows to evaluate the projects technical and economic feasibility of heat sources energy efficiency increasing: replacement of gas boilers by biofuel boilers, or heat pumps with heat of sewage water using, air heat pump driven by hot gas reciprocating cogeneration unit; industrial enterprises waste heat recovery systems; dial-up heat consumer connection to thermal power plant with unused heat capacity; using of heat pump in thermal power plant scheme with capacitor waster heat; using of heating combined heat sources with base and peak units. The concept of integrated energy balance of district heating system and connected consumers was introduced. The analytical dependences for calculation of components of the complex balance in terms of the local balances of boilers, heating networks and buildings were developed. The complex balance analysis reveals fuel savings potential as a result of energy efficiency projects implementation in system different elements. A comprehensive energy-economic model was developed and, on this basis, the technical and economic mutual influence of energy efficiency projects of modernization of heat sources, networks and consumers was investigated. A comparative assessment of the technical and economic characteristics of the two scenarios of area district heating system modernization: the replacement of boilers, heating networks and pumps, as well as the replacement of these elements combined with thermomodernisation of buildings in heating district (complex upgrading) was conducted. It is shown that the total cost for the option of complex thermomodernisation of buildings with large planning horizons less than for option without thermomodernisation of buildings. Complex investigations of influencing parameters ranges of under which the integrated thermomodernisation scenario is more effective were developed. The mathematical model of optimization of choice of energy-efficient projects under financial restrictions was developed. The complex index of energy efficiency projects utility value as an optimization criterion was proposed and argued. This approach, in contrast to the well-known figures, takes into account not only the payback period and also a number of additional advantages: reliability increasing, energy independence ensuring, social significance. The system of operational control, analysis, management of fuel and energy resources efficient using in the population centre thermal district was developed and implemented. An integrated approach to the analysis of the energy efficiency of district heating systems and buildings, the heat networks losses evaluation method with thermal energy metered values reading of, the method of logic diagnostic of energy efficiency decline reasons were used. Application of the system allows to quickly identification and elimination of causes of district heating decline of profitability and scope. The results of this thesis research have found practical application in the development of optimized heating systems schemes, action plans for sustainable energy development, municipal energy plans, energy audits conducting and the development of municipal energy management systems for more than thirty population centres of Ukraine.
