Maksymyuk H. Influence of the biochemical features of transmembrane changes in ion homeostasis on the sperm viability under cryopreservational conditions

The thesis is to the study the features of relationship between homeostasis of alkali metal ions and molecules of organic matters in open and closed "environment?cell" systems with the changes in the structure and function of sperm under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. Specifics of transmembrane changes in ion homeostasis was studied in the groups of bulls that produce ejaculates with low, medium and high К+ concentrations. Sperm with low and high К+ concentration parameters has high (27,6, 13,2 mg%) and low (20,4, 8,6 mg%) concentrations of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids respectively. Unequal concentrations of free and bound forms of Ca2+, K+, Na+ ions in bulls and cows genital tissues, coordinate their protective, trophic, generative and transport functions. The activity of the Na+/K+-, Ca2+/Mg2+- i Mg2+- ATPases was 1,5, 2,4 and 1,2 times higher respectively in the perforated membranes of the infertile men sperm. The infertile men spermal plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 was 6,6 and 1,7 times higher, and IL-10 was 1,4 times lower than fertile men plasma. Factors of sperm cryopreservation technology as well as mono- and multicomponent protective environments lead to symport and/or antyport ion movement. The result of homeostasis imbalance is the change in concentration ratios of dissimilar ion pairs in spermatozoa. The variance of values is expressed by a series with limits K+:Ca2+<Na+:K+<Na+:Ca2+, which is 2 - 6: 1, 2 - 24: 1, 6 - 73: 1, respectively. To minimize the negative impact of semen cryopreservation technology factors, the newly developed lactose-yolk-glycerol-heparin diluent is offered. Keywords: sperm, spermatozoa, genitals, cryoprotectants, protective environments, ions homeostasis.