Posudievsky O. Physicochemical grounds of creation and functional properties of nanocomposite materials based on conducting conjugated polymers

The possibility of producing basic types of CP - polyaniline polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyparaphenylene - using productive and environmentally friendly mechanochemical method is shown. The structure, spectral properties and electrical conductivity of the prepared polymers are determined by the composition of the reaction mixture and the oxidation potential of the respective monomer. The possibility of producing CP with polyamidosulfoacid based dopants, that are capable of forming stable aqueous dispersions and, accordingly, electrically conductive nanocomposite films for optoelectronic devices, particularly with the addition of the mechanochemically prepared partially oxidized graphene, is established. It is shown that the use of the CP films with the nanosized redox active heteropolyacid based dopants makes possible additional donor-acceptor and specific interaction with the analyte molecules - vapours of organic solvents - and can significantly increase the selectivity of the sensor arrays on the basis of the CP. The possibility of obtaining two- and three-component host-guest HNC based on vanadium oxide xerogel and CP using the mechanochemical method, the advantages of which are the synthesis without the use of solvents and post synthesis washing, is shown. It is established that the specific capacity of the nanocomposites can reach the level of 300 A·h / kg and be highly stable during long-term charge-discharge cycling. It is found that the confinement of semiconducting CP can be achieved in the nanocomposite films with non-porous silica nanoparticles.