The thesis is devoted to the morphological and functional condition of the organs of chickens with infectious bronchitis and after vaccination. In the work morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric study of the organs of chickens with infectious bronchitis and vaccination against infectious bronchitis carried out. Information on the structure, laws of growth and development of central and peripheral organs of blood creation and immunogenesis in chickens, which indicate the incompleteness of their morphogenesis in the early period of postnatal ontogenesis, that must be considered when drawing up programmes of vaccination, supplemented. The estimation of structural changes in organs of chickens with infectious bronchitis is made. It is established that the character of the morphological, histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric changes in the organs of chickens with infectious bronchitis is most pronounced at 20 and 40 days age. Lit post-vaccination changes of histoarchitectonic and morphometric parameters in bodies in research chickens, had a direct bearing on the number of vaccination due to the age of the experimental animals in the postnatal period of ontogenesis. After immunization of chickens against infectious bronchitis in the immune organs of chickens a decrease in the absolute weight of the thymus and cloacales bags in 8, 20 and 40 days age, indicating increased migration of T and b-lymphocytes in peripheral organs of immunogenesis for the implementation of the immune responses was observed. Besides the structural changes in the organs of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis of the research hens (hyperplasia of lymphoid structures, macrophage and plasmocytoma reaction) indicated the formation of cellular and humoral immunity in vaccinated chickens, and the changes in the blood vessels of medium and small caliber associated with fixation of circulating immune complexes in their vascular walls. It is determined that the use of chickens, with the aim of stimulating action of the immune response humoral immunity, immunomodulator Avastin™ does not cause a negative impact on histoarchitectonic bodies, but on the contrary contributed to improving their functional status. It is shown that the drug improves vaccine-induced antiviral immune response and how the immune system, promotes the formation of immune activation against IB, without causing side effects, but on the contrary stimulates development of the immune entities, manifested by the increase in the number and size of lymphoid nodules in the peripheral organs of immunogenesis, slows down the process of involution cloacales bags, affecting the growth of the area of the cortex in the thymus, the number of thymus cells in the slice and index. New data on the composition of the clusters of differentiation in the organs of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis of chickens of different ages, changes in the disease and immunization against infectious bronchitis are received. The number and the specificity of the labeled cells was normal. The potential of immunohistochemistry as a sensitive and accurate method for evaluation of cell (T-cell lymphocytes, T-cytotoxic cells and normal T-killer cells) and humoral (B-lymphocytes) immunities identified. New data on the characteristics of the immunities of infectious bronchitis and after vaccination shows the leading role of the organs of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis in the formation of immunity to infectious bronchitis obtained. Morphometric studies found that vaccinated against infectious bronchitis of chickens, activates humoral immunity, as evidenced by the growth of b lymphocytes marker CD20+ in the thymus, cesspool bag, spleen, cecal tonsils and Garder gland. Thus, a subpopulation of CD20+ lymphocytes in cloacales bag of vaccinated chickens 40 days of age increased from 127,61±8,19 PCS from control animals in 211,94±pieces of 14, 28 (p<0,001) – immunized. However, there have been increased level of cellular immunity, as evidenced by the active growth of T-cytotoxic cells and normal T-killer cells with the marker CD8+. It is shown that in patients with CD in the organs immunogenesis and hemopoiesis is the development of cellular immunity, as evidenced by the increase in the number of cells with markers of CD4+ and CD8+, and activation of the humoral type immune response, evidenced by a significant increase in the number of lymphocyte markers CD20+. However, the decrease of immunoregulatory index, accompanied by the active functioning of the immune system in the destruction of foreign antigen.
