Kushch M. Morphological and functional characteristics of gut in geese

New data on postnatal ontogenesis of the gut in geese and the regularities of its structure under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors have been presented in the thesis. It has been found out that the most intense absolute weight and length of the gut in the geese of Large Grey breed increased for the first week of their postnatal period of ontogenesis. The processes of morphogenesis in the gut of geese occur much more intensively at an early stage of postnatal period and they are characterized by the increase in the size of its macro-and microstructures. The depth and width of the crypts and villi density are the most stable microstructures of the gut. Two plexus – myenteric and submucosal ones belong to the enterosympatic nervous system of geese. Unlike mammals, in geese ganglia and pillars of myenteric plexus are not between the inner and outer layers but in the outer layer of muscle membrane. In spite of the significant increase in the thickness of the intestine wall with age, the average number of plexus ganglia did not increase. The content of endocrinocytes changes wave-like throughout the intestine and two maximum parameters were revealed. The total amount of endocrine cells, especially the population of Ec-cells, in the gut of geese decreased as a result of feed deprivation. The absolute and relative weight as well as the total length of the intestine was higher in the geese of Legart heavy breed as compared to the geese of Gorky middle breed. The height and the area of the villi surface, the crypt depth, the area of mucosal membrane surface, the number and the area of nerve plexus ganglia and the number of endocrinocytes were higher in the duodenum of the geese of heavy breeds. Feeding of Humilid contributed to the increase in the live body weight of goslings and the length, the absolute and relative weight of the gut, to the increase in the height and the area of the villi surface in the duodenum and to the decrease in the crypt depth. The number of lymphocytes of the populations CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RA+Meckel’s diverticulum had the direct correlation with the body weight, the area of mucous and muscle membranes, the lymphoid tissue, the crypts and the height of the folds. The number of argentaffine endocrinocytes of Meckel’s diverticulum had the high return correlative connection with the area of lymphoid nodules and crypts, the height and width of folds. The daily amount of enterochromaffine cells of the gut had a rhythmic and simultaneous nature of the activity, it had close correlations with the action of heliogeomagnetic factors that proved their significant impact on the functional state of the gut.