Ryzhkov S. Separation gradient aerosol technologies in power plants

The dissertation considers solving an important scientific and technical problem of creating generalized multilevel separation gradient aerosol technologies and their implementation in the innovative resource-saving and environment-friendly equipment of power plants. The separation technologies and the devices employing them are able to perform purification from particles with the size exceeding 10 ?m with the efficiency of 0.99. Purification of gaseous and liquid media from particles smaller than 10 ?m is less effective and requires development of gas-purifying separation equipment able to capture particles of this size with implementation of resource-saving features of the plants by using the energy of the working medium. The main aim of the development of design solutions for multilevel gradient aerosol technologies, as well as research of methods of their control, is their joint use in the presence of substantial gradients of the hydrodynamic and thermophysical parameters (temperature, pressure, velocity, density, etc.) in the working system. The aim is achieved under the condition of sufficiency of substantial parameter gradients in the working media of engines and power plants and necessity of the presence of microaccumulators in aerosol media, as well as microgenerators or microtransformers of internal and external energies. All the conditions are met at purification of aerosol media in the gradient fields of temperature, acoustic oscillations, concentrations and pulsations when they pass through multifunctional surfaces able to separate and coagulate. In the case of capturing aerosol particles, the positive effect of aerosol technology has been achieved with the help of the following three methods. The first method is to use the flow of energy of jet and tearing streams directly in the stream to coagulate particles in volume and on surfaces. The second method is to direct the energy flows and their impact on the wall-adjacent and thermal layers of the surfaces of particles deposition with their coagulation. When using this method, gradient fields of temperature, acoustic oscillations or pulsations arise in the working channel. The temperature difference occurs due to cooling of the walls and coagulation surfaces of the working channel. The third method is to create acoustic and electromagnetic pulse impacts on the flow and the separating surface with the use of special pulse generators. As a result of the research, the direction for creating innovative resource-saving and environment-friendly equipment of power plants on the basis of gradient technologies of aerosol media separation has been further developed. The concept of multilevel separation has been elaborated through the combined use of different levels of separation technology: inertial, turbophoretic, non-isothermal and acoustophoretic. Its implementation provides an increase in the efficiency of purification of the working media of engines, which makes up over 99% of aerosol impurities smaller than 10 ?m due to intensification of separation and, consequently, improvement of the technical, economic and environmental performance of engines and power plants.