Черепанська І. Precise instrument system for angles measuring

The important scientific problem of the accuracy and speed of goniometric measurements improvement and has been solved in the thesis by the development and investigation Precise instrument system for angles measuring based on the analysis and application physical phenomenon of the laser spectroscopy, new semiconductor photosensitive elements, and neural network technologies as well as new methods and algorithms of the data processing. The general principles of construction of Precision Instrumentation System for Angles Measuring (PISAM), as a multilevel set of different technical means with heterogeneous properties, which consist in forming functional relations between the parameters of its levels and inside them taking into account the adopted system, are offered from the unified system positions. This allowed synergistic integration and implementation of the proposed methods (measurement information processing) and means (artificial neural networks –ANN, CMOS). By the principles of synergistic integration and emergence, using CMOS and ANN, PISAM with significantly expanded functionality (contactless measurement of angles and rapid analysis of the intensities of the spectral distribution to determine the chemical composition of metals) is proposed. A mathematical model of the error of the PISAM is proposed in the part of taking into account the error of the CMOS, by introducing fluctuation stresses that occur on the pixels of the matrix due to the fractional effect and in the thermal motion of charges respectively, which as a result makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the measurement. A new approach to automatic recognition of systematic and random components of angles of measurement of angles is proposed, based on the use of ANN at the stage of analysis and processing of measurement information, rapid analysis of components of measurement errors by the principle of decomposition, which allowed to improve the accuracy and speed of information processing. The use of ANN for express analysis of the intensities of the spectral distribution of chemicals has been proposed, which has made it possible to carry out the automatic determination of their content in the composition of metal-containing materials in real time with a speed of 2,5 sec. The determination of the component errors of measurement of angles on the computer using ANN, which gave a basic opportunity to automate the process of processing measurement information, as well as to conduct rapid analysis of the component errors in measurement in real time with a speed of 2 sec. Comparison of the results of computer simulation of the process of determining the components of the measurement error of angles for multifaceted prisms used to adjust and adjust angular meters and direct measurement of angles of industrial products using two approaches - the use of ANN and Fisher's analysis of variance, indicated the advantage of ANN compared to the traditionally used criterion. A regulation for determining the number of measurements is proposed, which allows to reasonably determine the required number of measurements of the angles of PISAM, which will be sufficient to achieve the given accuracy. As a result, it is experimentally proved that the proposed method allows to increase the speed (1,3 times or 25 %) of the measurements of angles in comparison with the known ones.