According to the results of complex experimental researches of in situ forest genetic resources (forest genetic reserves, plus stands, plus trees), destructive changes were made to reduce the share of the main forest species (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea L.) in the composition forest stands due to the influence of the complex of abiotic and biotic factors of the environment. It has been established, that selected forest genetic reserves and plus stands represent less than 30% of the diversity of forest ecosystems in the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Based on environmental models, the “genotype – environment” interaction and “variety – environment” selected the best genotypes of English oak, which are characterized by high energy growth and environmental sustainability. In the estimation of the growth energy of the oak offspring in the progeny tests of Vinnytsia, Khmelnytsky and Ternopil regions, the prevalence of genotypes of Vinnytsia (B-7, B-9, B-67) and Ternopil (T-13, T-15 and T-20), which exceed the control variant in height by 5–40% and are characterized by high parameters of breeding estimation (1,5–2,0). With regard to performance and environmental stability, “genotype – environment” interaction has the best properties of the progeny of the plus trees B-8, B-43 and B-72.
The most productive and environmentally resistant varieties of fast-growing tree species are offered. The 10 cultivars of poplars in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe on the basis of the environmental model of the interaction of the “variety – environment” made it possible to highlight the most productive and environmentally stable. Prospective cultivars were varieties Lvivska and Novoberlinska, which have high productivity, sufficiently adapted for the conditions of the region and can be used to create plantations of high-speed species. It is expedient to introduce a variety of Volosysta as one of the most stable in conditions of lowering moisture content.
High reproductive capacity of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European fir (Picea abies L.) is established under conditions of environment change. The increase of the average and maximum temperatures by 3.3–3.6 C, the decrease of the Seljaninov index twice did not lead to deterioration of the condition and slowdown of the growth of trees. High reproduction and environmental plasticity characteristics distinguish clones of northern origin (Finland) E80, E1883, E2254 and E618. The spatial analysis of the intensity of the formation of microstrobilus indicates the tendency towards their greater formation in the illuminated southeastern part of the plantation.
The growth of average temperatures up to 3.6 C, as well as a decrease in the level of Seljaninov index twice did not reduce the intensity of reproduction of these species. For all phenological forms of English oak (early, early intermediate, intermediate, late intermediate and late), low fecundity is eliminated. The positive influence on the level of the reproduction of oak is usual: the increase in average annual temperatures and the sum of temperatures for the year and during the growing season, as well as an increase for precipitation in the previous year.
The European fir in the region has a marked periodicity of seed loss in recent years at the level of 0.0–2.1 points. The growth of average temperatures up to 3.6 C, as well as a decrease in the level of Seljaninov index twice does not reduce the intensity of reproduction of the species. The northern genotypes E2089, E1511 and E11 have higher reproductive performance than the local population.
For all phenological forms of English oak, characteristic low fruiting (mean score 1.2). There are established tendencies in reducing the intensity of the formation of reproductive organs during the last 9 years. The most significant decrease in the formation of ovaries and fruiting is inherent in the late phenology form of oak, as more demanding to moisturizing. Positive influence on the level of reproduction of oak conventional has an increase in average annual temperatures (r=0.41–0.43) and the sum of temperatures per year and during the growing season (r=0.32–0.67). The positive effect of increasing the amount of precipitation in the previous year on the growth of the flowering intensity (r=0.60–0.80), as well as the decrease for precipitation during the growing season (r=-0.38…-0.54).
