The dissertation on reception of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Technical Sciences in the specialty 05.11.13 “Instruments and methods of control and composition of material determination” (152 - Metrology and information-measuring equipment). – Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, IvanoFrankivsk, 2021.
The dissertation is devoted to the solution of an important scientific and applied problem in the field of methods and devices of control of operational parameters of gas pipeline systems, which is achieved by developing new means of control of operational parameters of gas pipeline systems and research of new informative parameters of control.
The results of the analysis of the current state and trends in the development of methods, tools and technologies of non-destructive testing of operational parameters of gas pipeline systems and equipment are presented. It is shown that determination of technical condition and diagnostics of pipeline systems is carried out mainly on separate informative parameters without their complex account, thus the conclusion on possibility of the further operation of the equipment is accepted on the basis only of results of control of a technical condition of material of pipelines.
The results of the developed theoretical bases and the received mathematical dependence of influence of the small size of through defects of walls of pipelines on process of gas transportation are resulted. It is proved that the presence of such defects not only creates dangerous emergencies with pipeline destruction and environmental damage, but also affects the efficiency of pipeline systems and equipment, creating local flow resistance and reducing the capacity and energy efficiency of pipeline systems.
Mathematical models of the influence of changes in the geometry of the cross section of the pipeline, non-technological accumulations in the pipeline cavity and physicochemical parameters of natural gas on the capacity of pipeline systems are obtained. Mathematical dependences make it possible to assess the impact of these changes on the energy efficiency of gas pipelines and equipment. The economic effect of the implementation of the measure taking into account the physics and chemical parameters of natural gas in the operation of gas distribution equipment is estimated.
The results of theoretical and experimental researches of advanced methods are presented: control of heat of combustion of natural gas, which consists in expansion of possibility, in particular increase of a range of easurements and increase of accuracy of measurements. Improvements have been made by using a number of circuit solutions that reduce the effect of half-wave loss error in ultrasonic measurements and the developed algorithm for finding the reference point of the acoustic signal, as well as the ability to measure not only lower but also higher heat of combustion of natural gas. from the content of carbon dioxide, the speed of propagation of ultrasonic vibrations in the sample of natural gas and the value of the lower heat of combustion; measurement of the level of accumulations in the cavity of the pipeline, which allowed to measure the level of various liquids separately in the operating mode s of gas transportation by gas pipelines. The results of experimental researches of a new method of control of presence and measurement of volume of leaks of natural gas on crane knots and the equipment of the main pipelines are resulted. The method has pa ssed successful industrial tests and has shown its effectiveness in detecting both micro and very large, pre-emergency leaks.
Experimental studies of a new informative parameter, namely the value of the integrated image density of acoustic structural noise , which are obtained using an ultrasonic flaw detector working with piezoelectric transducers with phased arrays, which allowed to develop a new method to prevent defects in steel pipelines at the stage of their nuclei microstructural level and determination of the yield strength of the metal of the pipeline.
New technical means have been developed and implemented (device for measuring higher heat of natural gas combustion, installation for measuring liquid levels in the gas pipeline cavity, installation for easuring natural gas leakage levels from gas pipelines and equipment) and technologies their industrial tests were carried out. A number of normative documents of various categories (measurement methods, methodological upport for determining the volume of natural gas leaks, technical conditions for the manufacture of developed systems) and a standard regulating the measurement of heat of combustion of natural gas by correlation have been developed.
Keywords: technical diagnostics, control of technical condition, energy efficiency, technique, physical and chemical characteristics, defects, heat of combustion of natural gas, normative document.
