Maydanyuk S. Quantum theory of bremsstrahlung emission of photons in nuclear processes

The thesis is devoted to construction of a new quantum theory of emission of bremsstrahlung photons in nuclear processes, and methods of quantum mechanics for nuclear collisions and decay. The theory of bremsstrahlung photons is developed for alpha-decay of spherical and deformed nuclei, nuclear decay with emission of protons, scattering of protons and pi-mesons on nuclei, spontaneous and ternary fission of nuclei. This theory is the most accurate in the description of experimental information of photons in the reactions above. It allows to study the deformation of nuclei in decays through analysis of experimental bremsstrahlung, dynamics of emission of fragments in the ternary fission. The theory in unified way describes incoherent and coherent, electric and magnetic bremsstrahlung, including the anomalous magnetic moments of nucleons in nuclei. It connects the bremsstrahlung spectra with parameters of nuclear interactions and mechanisms in reactions. The first investigation of bremsstrahlung in scattering of pions (in beams) on the nuclei has been performed. It is established that the bremsstrahlung of high-energy photons, formed due to nuclear part of potential, makes a significant contribution to the full spectrum. A new high precision method of multiple internal reflections (MIR) is constructed to describe a one-dimensional tunneling under a barrier of arbitrary shape and propagation above it. Unlike other methods, the method MIR fully uses tests of quantum mechanics, which control correctness, accuracy of calculations. The method MIR improves essentially description of experimental data for proton emission from nuclei, alpha-decay, alpha-capture. The method is accurate in study of deep sub-barrier and above-barrier processes, fusion. Using it, penetrabilities with tests are obtained for barriers used in problems of quantum cosmology, where there are limitations of quasi-classical methods. This method for the first time describes in unified way the oscillations in the internal spatial region inside nucleus and tunneling in the problems of alpha-decay and alpha-capture, new factors have own physical interpretation. A new quantum-mechanical method of tunneling for the Albrecht potential with dissipative term defined via packets is constructed. Influence of dissipative forces on tunneling in alpha-capture by 44Ca is analyzed.