Likhanov A. Polifunctional Organisation and Transformation of the Secondary Metabolism of Woody Plants in the Forest and Urbophytocenoses

The thesis is dedicated to the identification of informative physiological and biochemical markers and the spatial distribution of secondary metabolites, which are associated with the realisation of the adaptive potential of plants. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the secondary metabolites of the periderm and bark of annual shoots of Aesculus L., Betula L., Juglans L. plants allow identifying individual clusters, which in taxonomic and ecological characteristics coincide with sections isolated by morphological and molecular genetic traits. The study also revealed that hybrid forms arising spontaneously during naturalisation of introduced species of the genus complex of Juglans L. are characterized by a reduced content of flavonoids, which can significantly affect their individual stability and invasive potential. It was found that the spatial distribution of phenolic compounds in plant leaves has a tissue-specific and gradient dependence and protects tissues from phytopathogens and excessive insolation. Spatially determined and undetermined mechanisms of constitutional and induced resistance in plants of the genus Aesculus against caterpillars of Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic were defined. Biochemical markers related to destructive processes in the wood of Quercus robur L. have been identified. A functional model of pericarp tissue barriers has been elaborated, the biological significance of which depends on the concentration and spatial distribution of endomethabolites in fruit tissues It was proved that the absence of grass layer in the Fagus sylvatica L. plantations is mainly caused by the biogenic transformation of edaphic conditions by edificator due to long-term acidification of soils by leaf fall decomposition products and creation of conditions for domination of micromycetes releasing phytotoxic compounds into the soil.