Heletukha H. Scientific and Technical Principles of Energy Production from Biofuels.

Thesis for obtaining the doctor of sciences degree in technical sciences on the specialty 05.14.08 - transformation of renewable energy sources. - Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2021. Scientific bases of complex use of biomass available in Ukraine for production of heat and power, and ecological influence of burning of biofuels on environment are developed. A method for estimation of energy potential of biomass has been developed, which specifies the percentage of the theoretical potential of agricultural crops residues that can be used for energy production, as well as takes into account new current and forecast components of this potential. Based on the developed methodology, the bioenergy potentials for a number of oblasts and Ukraine as a whole were assessed. A roadmap for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine until 2050 has been developed, which takes into account the dynamics of the use of solid biofuels, biogas, biomethane, liquid biofuels in the production of heat and power, as well as transport fuels. The possibilities of energy use of maize residues are analyzed for the conditions of Ukraine. The analysis of energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions under corn stems utilization in the form of bales, pellets and briquettes for heat production is performed. Possibilities of power generating capacities on biomass, biogas and biomethane for balancing of energy system of Ukraine are analyzed. Experimental research has been conducted and technologies and equipment for the production and consumption of biological fuels have been developed. The technology of wood waste incineration in boilers with a retort-type furnace was developed, which allowed to expand the application of the technology for wood fuel with humidity up to 50%. The technology of straw burning in hot water boilers of periodic combustion was developed, in which stable combustion and elimination of incomplete bale combustion indicators of the current thermal capacity of the boiler, reduction of CO emissions were reached by optimization of a number of design and operational parameters. The technology of small bales of straw burning in the boilers of retort-cigar type has been developed, in which continuous stable burning of small bales of straw is organized and moderate emissions of harmful substances are provided. The technology of anaerobic fermentation of lingo-cellulosic agro-residues (straw, corn stalks and sunflower husk) was developed. Feasibility studies of a number of new and promising bioenergy technologies for Ukraine have been performed: collection of corn stems; production of pellets and briquettes from corn stems; anaerobic fermentation of agro residues; production and use of biomethane.