Kozak L. Turbulent processes in near-Earth space

The turbulent motions play a decisive role in plasma dynamics, generation of electromagnetic radiation in it, acceleration of cosmic rays, formation and evolution of astrophysical objects. In the work, the nature of turbulent processes in various regions of the Earth’s magnetosphere (foreshock, postshock, magnetosphere, magnetopause region, cusp, and tail of the magnetosphere) and on different scales was determined and also the comparison between turbulent flows in the Earth's neutral atmosphere (mesopause) was carried out. The nature of energy transfer between vortices, the scale of changes in turbulence and the role of "heavy" ions in this were determined. For the first time, the spontaneous generation of coherent structures (self-organization) in turbulent regions for both magnetic structures and plasma flows was registered, and also the nonlinear energy cascade was obtained from the construction of dispersion curves. For the first time, the generalized diffusion coefficient (superdiffusion in the turbulent regions of the Earth’s magnetosphere) was found/estimated using the statistical consideration and cascade models. For the first time, it was found that the "wave-particle" resonant interaction in turbulent regions is more significant for "heavier" components (helium and oxygen ions). For the first time, it was shown that the changes in the temperature and dynamics of the upper atmosphere from tropospheric sources recorded by the satellites can be explained by turbulent layers at altitudes of mesopause, as a result of presence of gravity waves.