Mazurenko B. Productivity of triticale depends on sowing dates and fertilizing in Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Results of research of features of growth, development, and formation of productivity of various ecotypes of triticale at autumn and spring terms of sowing depending on elements of technology (cultivars, fertilizer system and seed treatment by microbial preparations) are shown in this thesis. The peculiarities of organogenesis, formation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the influence of elements of technology on dry matter accumulation and its assimilation in the grain of facultative triticale by autumn and spring sowing are established. Influence of the fertilizer system and sowing dates on the productivity of winter and facultative triticale in autumn sowing is substantiated and the efficiency of seed treatment with microbial preparations based on Azospirillum brasilense and Paenibacillus polymyxa strains for fertilization systems with and without nitrogen fertilizers is applied. The results of calculation of economic efficiency of triticale cultivation depending on the studied factors are stated. The parameters of triticale sowing in late autumn sowing dates by optimizing the interaction of factors "variety (ecotype) - sowing period - fertilizer system" for facultative and winter triticale and "variety (ecotype) - fertilizer system - seed treatment with microbial preparations" for facultative and spring triticale in spring sowing on typical lowhumus chernozems in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The positive effect of joint treatment of seeds with microbial preparations Diazobacterin (strain Azospirillum brasilense) and Polymyxobacterin (strain Paenibacillus polymyxa) on the formation of elements of productivity of spring and facultative triticale in spring sowing with fertilization system with and without nitrogen fertilizers is observed. The use of these microbials can significantly increase the profit and profitability of growing triticale. It is recommended to sow Amur seeds in the second decade of October to obtain a sustainable harvest of triticale in late autumn sowing, which allows to receive grain yield at the level of 6.7–7.2 t/ha. Pre-sowing seed treatment with mixture of microbial preparations based on Azospirillum brasilense and Paenibacillus polymyxa, will increase yields and significantly increase the profitability of spring triticale cultivation.