Zvonar A. Influence of varietal features, weather and soil-climatic conditions on the assimilation of nutrients by winter wheat

Object - mineral nutrition of different varieties of winter wheat. Purpose - to establish the influence of varietal characteristics, weather and soil-climatic conditions on the assimilation of nutrients by winter wheat to adjust the fertilizer system to the planned level of yield. Methods – field, laboratory, settlement and comparative, mathematical statistics. Theoretical results - it is proved that the peculiarities of consumption of any element (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, manganese, zinc, etc.) are individual for each variety, but genetically determined increased or decreased requirements of individual varieties to them can be both permanent and manifest only under certain hydrothermal conditions. Based on the conducted research, it is proposed to determine the special needs of mineral nutrition of new varieties of winter wheat during the variety testing by calculating the consolidated indicators of varietal specificity for each of the nutrients. Practical results - the algorithm of actions and methodical approaches to the account of features of food of new grades of winter wheat at drawing up of system of fertilizer of this culture is developed and scientifically substantiated. A new method for determining the special needs of winter wheat due to varietal specificity has been developed. Novelty - the influence of different soil and climatic conditions on the assimilation of nutrients by winter wheat, identified patterns of use of nutrients by winter wheat depending on weather conditions; the differences in the supply of basic nutrients to winter wheat plants of different varieties in the critical phases of the growing season were determined, for the first time the efficiency of macro- and microelements of nutrition of different winter wheat varieties of domestic and foreign selection was determined; improved regulatory parameters of supply and removal of basic nutrients with the main and non-commercial products of winter wheat modern selection; For the first time, a method for identifying varietal characteristics of consumption of macro- and microelements by winter wheat plants was developed. Degree of implementation - the results of research were introduced into the production of NVF "Harvest" in Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi district of Cherkasy region; submitted for implementation in selection work at the Institute of Plant Breeding V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS; used to prepare recommendations for spring field work by the Center for Scientific Support of the APV of Kharkiv region and in the educational process of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev in teaching disciplines in the field of training 201 "Agronomy", 101 "Ecology" and 015 "Professional education". Branch - agriculture.