Astakhova Y. Formation of winter wheat yield and grain quality under the influence of sowing dates and fertilization in the Northern Steppe

Object of the study – processes of formation of productivity and technological quality of winter wheat grain depending on the sowing dates and fertilization of crops after different predecessors. The aim of the research – consisted in the scientific substantiation of the peculiarities of the formation of yield and grain quality of soft and hard winter wheat under the influence of sowing dates and fertilizers for its cultivation after various predecessors in the Northern Steppe. Research methods – the main research methods were field (for phenological observations, determination of biometric, yield and structural indicators); thermostatic and weight (to determine the moisture reserves in the soil); laboratory (to determine the quality of grain, the content of soluble carbohydrates in plants); mathematical and variance and correlation (to determine the reliability of the data). Results – consists in the development and production implementation of technological methods that increase winter wheat grain yield and quality; this allows to obtain soft wheat grain with protein content of 12.0–13.6 %, durum grain protein – 13.5–14.6 %; yield after spring barley 4.7–6.0 t/ha, and after black fallow – 5.4–7.1 t/ha. Research materials were annually used in drafting methodological and scientific recommendations on agrotechnological and innovative strategy for spring field work, technological complex for early grain harvest and winter crops sowing in the Steppe, for grain quality improvement. Novelty – for the Northern Steppe conditions for the first time a complex approach was applied to establish the reaction of modern varieties of winter wheat different in their morphobiological characteristics (soft Lastivka Odeska, Holubka Odeska – Triticum aestivum L. and durum Burshtyn – Triticum durum Desf.) to sowing dates and fertilizing when crops are placed after spring barley and black fallow. We identified peculiarities of soluble carbohydrates accumulation and consumption by plants of these varieties during winter period, cultivation agrotechnological methods influence on yield formation, grain physical and biochemical properties for the above varieties, economic indicators. Field – agricultural science and food supply.