Boromenskyi D. Biologycal features o strains of Ganoderma P. Karst. species from the IBK Mushrooms Culture Collection

The dissertation is devoted to the study of biologically active substances, cultural-morphological and micromorphological features of vegetative mycelium of genus Ganoderma P. Karst. strain diversity; the research of content of biomass, endopolysaccharides, ganoderic acids and polyphenolic compounds of these strains and production of their synthesis under different cultivation conditions; the study of the influence of mycelium biomass and its extracts on the growth of some bacteria, micromycetes and higher plants; the analysis of antioxidant activity of biomass extracts. During the dissertation research new data were obtained on the cultural-morphological and micromorphological features of the vegetative mycelium of strain diversity (10 strains of 7 species) of Ganoderma fungi from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection of M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods we were first to describe the following microstructures of vegetative mycelium: double clamps and clamps with anastomoses on G. carnosum mycelium, as well as coral-like hyphae on G. sinense and G. carnosum. For the first time we have developed a modified method of ganoderic acids extraction from the Ganoderma species. This method allowed to reduce the time of the first stage of extraction by 7 times compared to the classical method and to obtain a similar amount of ganoderic acids. We were first to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of mycelia biomass of G. sinense 2516 and G. tsugae 2024. The antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate extract of G. tsugae 2024 on the growth of Escherichia coli T. Escherich (inhibition zone 13 mm), and methanilic extract of G. tsugae 2024 on Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn (inhibition zone 15 mm), was observed. It was proven that ethyl acetate extracts of G. sinense 2516 and G. tsugae 2024 significantly inhibit the development of Aspergillus niger Tiegh.– the inhibition zones were 5 cm and 3.4 cm in diameter, respectively. Conversely, the growth of Penicillium polonicum K. Zaleski was strongly influenced by methanol extracts. After the introduction of methanol extract of the mycelium of G. sinense 2516, the zone of growth inhibition of P. polonicum was 4.5 cm, and methanol extract of G. tsugae 2024 - 3.7 cm. The growth of Mucor globosus A. Fisch. was not affected by any of the extracts we used. The effect of mycelium biomass of strain diversity (9 strains of 6 species) of Ganoderma fungi on Lepidium sativum L. and Cucumis sativus L. seed germination and growth was studied for the first time. The growth of L. sativum roots and stems was significantly inhibited by the biomass of all Ganoderma species and strains. The strongest inhibition effect was demonstrated by the mycelium biomass of G. tsugae 2024 – the average length of the L. sativum plant was decreased by 80.9 % compared to the control. The weakest inhibitory activity was shown by biomass of G. carnosum 2502 – the average length of the plant L. sativum was 30.7 % shorter compared to the control. It was determined that ethyl acetate extract from the mycelium biomass of G. tsugae 2024 significantly inhibits the growth of L. sativum, and the addition of 100 μl of this extract entirely prevents the germination of seeds. The biomass of G. resinaceum 2477 and G. lucidum 1904 mycelia demonstrated the strongest inhibition effect on the growth of C. sativus. The introduction of the mycelia of these strains reduced the average plant length by 61 % compared to the control group in both cases. It was demonstrated that the biomass of G. sinense 2516 was able to act as a weak growth stimulant of C. sativus – the average length of the plant after the addition of G. sinense 2516 mycelium was 5 % greater than in the control group. As a result of the conducted researches it was defined that G. tsugae 2024 strain from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection of M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a biotechnologically promising producer of endopolysaccharides (1.58 g/L), ganoderic acids (0.35 g/L), phenolic compounds (1.2 mg/L) and has a high antioxidant, antifungal activity and shows inhibitory effect against higher plants.