Hnitetskiy M. Peculiarities of manifestation of economic traits among offspring from interspecific and intervarietal crossings of potatoes

The dissertation work is devoted to research of features of display of economic signs among posterity from interspecific and intervarietal crosses of potatoes. The unequal influence of crossbreeding components on germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds has been experimentally proved. In general, the predominance of seeds among interspecific crosses was higher by 3.1 and 5.1%, respectively, than between varieties. A positive effect on the expression of seed soaking in paraaminobenzoic acid. Depending on the origin of the combinations, material losses at the seedling stages were different. The prospects of crossbreeding components - backcrosses of interspecific hybrids, in comparison with varieties, by phenotypic manifestation of productivity and its components are proved. This also applied to the comparison of the expression of the indicator among the offspring and the best pollinator, the maternal form. A high positive relationship was found only between the average population productivity and the share of hybrids with a higher manifestation of the trait than the better parent. In some combinations, offspring were found with true heterosis, a positive value of the degree of transgression and the frequency of transgression. A higher potential of offspring from backcrossing than from intraspecific crosses was found in terms of starch content in tubers, which was measured at 13.8-19.5% and 13.1-17.9%, respectively, according to the average population value of the indicator. Scientific novelty of the obtained results. For the first time, a positive influence of PABX on the germination of hybrid seeds was revealed; the advantage of hybrid seeds of interspecific origin over intraspecific in terms of germination energy and laboratory germination has been established; proven greater prospects for the selection of valuable hybrids of the material from the backcrossing of interspecific parental forms; the influence of hybrid reproduction on the expression of indicators is determined; the genetic potential of parental forms as donors of traits, specificity of genotype interaction and its influence on the manifestation of indicators among offspring are established.