Bedrii N. Long-term consequences of premature birth and associated pathologyof the neonatal period in preschool children.

The problem of prematurity remains an urgent medical and social problem in the world in the XXI century. Although advances in neonatal care have significantly improved the performance of preterm infants, limited progress has been made in reducing near and long-term adverse events. The condition of the placenta provides important information to determine the factors that contributed to premature birth, but placental signs have not been properly studied. The work was based on the experience of monitoring 220 premature infants weighing less than 1,500 g, of which 167 patients were the main group and 53 premature infants were included in the comparison group; our survey was conducted and identified trends in the adverse effects of premature births in preschool children; patterns of development of children in the neonatal period and the preschool period, depending on the state of the placenta at birth. It was found that children whose placentas showed signs of inflammatory changes and immaturity were 10 times more likely to suffer from IUI and neonatal sepsis, significantly more often in these groups were IVH, PVL and BPD (p <0.001). There was a certain influence of changes in the placenta on the frequency of adverse effects in preschool age: there were significantly more disabled people among patients with inflammatory changes (p <0.01) and/or signs of pathological immaturity of the placenta (p <0.05). The scale of assessment of psychomotor development of children aged 2-6 years has been developed and adapted; received a certificate of copyright registration for the work "Scale for assessing the indicators of psychomotor development in preschool children" № 107640 from 30.08.2021. A prognostic mathematical model of adverse effects of premature birth and associated pathology has been developed, which help healthcare physicians to optimize their work and improve the prognosis for each patient individually.