Shinkaruk L. M. Corn yield depending on the elements of the fertilizer system, fungicides and desiccation in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. – Qualifying scientific work as a manuscript.
Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 201 - Agronomy (20 Agrarian Sciences and Food). – Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Obroshino, 2022.
The dissertation presents the results of research on the study of growth characteristics, plant development of common corn (Zea Mays), photosynthetic and grain productivity depending on fertilization, protection against diseases and pre-harvest grain moisture depending on the use of desiccants.
The introduction reflects the relevance of the topic, the connection of work with scientific programs, topics, goals and objectives of research, object, subject, research methods. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the results obtained, which were achieved through the study of the injection of fertilizer, plant protection, pre-harvest treatment of crops of the LG 3258 corn hybrid with desiccants in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, are highlighted.
In the first section of the qualifying work "Formation of corn yield depending on the effect of fertilizers, fungicides and desiccants" (review of scientific literature), the role of fertilizer in the formation of corn yield, the use of fungicides to protect against diseases and dessication of crops is substantiated. Insufficiently studied issues that deserve attention in the studied soil-climatic zone of the Western Forest-Steppe are identified.
The second section "Conditions, material and methods of research" contains information about the conditions of research, experimental schemes, as well as the main methods that were used in the process of scientific research.
The third section covers "Growth and development of corn plants depending on the level of fertilizer and foliar feeding".
It was found that the use of fertilizers increased the height of plants and the height of attachment of the lower head. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N160P80K140 and foliar top dressing with micronutrient fertilizers (Rexolin ABC + Maize boost), urea with magnesium sulfate in the phase of 10 corn leaves increased the height of plants by 16 cm compared to the rate of N50 and N40, the cob in this variant was also the largest - 128, which is 13 cm more than the norm N80P40K60 (without top dressing). The application of mineral fertilizers increased the leaf surface area of corn. The maximum indicators were obtained in the phase of milky ripeness at the rate of N160P80K140 and foliar fertilizing with microfertilizers (Rexolin АВС + Maize boost), urea and magnesium sulfate in the 10-leaf phase, which is 49.9 thousand m2/ha. In the flowering phase, this indicator was less by 12.9 thousand m2/ha compared to the norm N80P40K60 fertilizer (without top dressing). Under the influence of fertilizers, the dry weight of corn plants increased.
The fourth section "Formation of the yield level of corn grain" presents the results of studies on the study of fertilizer, fungicidal protection and desiccation of corn on the yield and moisture content of grain.
It was found that the use of desiccants had a positive effect on the moisture content in corn grain. Weather conditions had a great influence on the dynamics of humidity. The greatest decrease in moisture - 7.6% was obtained in the variant of application of Rаundup Max 3.2 l/ha when spraying the grain with a moisture content of 40%. The highest yield - 13.24 t/ha was provided by the application rate of mineral fertilizers N160P80K140 and foliar top dressing with microfertilizers: carbamide and magnesium sulfate in the 10-leaf phase, which is more by 3.24 t/ha or 32.7% compared to the control against the background of N80P40K60.
The treatment of corn with fungicides in the 10-leaf phase, throwing out the panicle after flowering and filling the grain contributed to obtaining the highest yield - 12.01 t/ha, which is 2.82 t/ha more before the control (without treatment).
The fifth chapter "Qualitative indicators of corn grain" contains research data on the effect of fertilizer on the content of protein, starch and fat in corn grain, the weight of 1000 grains and the content of mycotoxins, depending on the use of fungicides. It was found that the mass of 1000 grains grew with an increase in the rate of fertilizers and foliar top dressing.
The sixth section "Economic and energy efficiency of growing corn for grain" presents calculations of the economic and energy efficiency of the studied elements in the technology of growing corn. The highest profit of 56,871 UAH/ha was obtained in the fertilizer variant at the rate of N160P80K140 and fertilizing with microfertilizers, urea and magnesium sulfate in the phase of 10 corn leaves.
