The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific and practical task of increasing the efficiency of management of agricultural crop cultivation technologies under irrigation based on the development and combination of instrumental and calculation methods for measurement, automated data transmission and decision-making in information systems, taking into account the need for chemical land reclamation.
Methodologically, for the first time in order to improve feedback in operational irrigation management systems, an instrumental and calculation method of irrigation management on a sliding interval with an automated system of measurement and data transmission, using weather forecasts, was developed. This increases the reliability and accuracy of decision-making regarding the timing of irrigation.
Laboratory and production studies of instrumental and computational models of soil water regime management established the feasibility of their combination when used in field, production conditions for operational irrigation management.
Methodical approaches and objects of approbation of decision-making support systems for applying chemical meliorants for increasing soil fertility, based on information technologies, have been improved.
The configured automatic monitoring system allows you to receive real-time information about the current soil moisture, precipitation and the actual rate of irrigation, to view the history of the field condition for the entire time of measurements. This ensures the implementation of operational planning of irrigation by instrumental and instrumental-calculation methods. Soil moisture monitoring data is a component of the information support of the specified method and serves as feedback when managing irrigation on a sliding interval. Actual soil moisture monitoring data and meteorological indicators in the field, in particular soil moisture data determined based on the use of a tensiometer with remote data transmission, provide constant "feedback" and are transmitted automatically, which significantly increases the accuracy of irrigation recommendations.
The algorithm of the instrumental-calculation method for calculating irrigation dates combines instrumental monitoring data for making decisions about irrigation with calculation data under the condition of automatically obtaining and using meteorological forecasts from Internet weather forecasting services, as well as in the presence of automatically obtained monitoring data of humidity and meteorological indicators in the field. The possibility of obtaining five-day forecast data from weather services allows to qualitatively increase the level of operational management of soil moisture. Due to the fast, high-quality reception and use of forecast data from weather services, it is possible to quickly set a forecast date for watering, which will help the farmer to order the right amount of water and carry out irrigation without losing water and crops.
The main parameters of moisture transfer models (basic hydrophysical characteristics of soils and moisture transfer coefficients), identified in laboratory conditions on selected soil samples of the experimental site of the Brylivske MAIS State Enterprise, Askaniyske DPDS, on the basis of laboratory determination of their composition by a granulometer and calculation of hydrophysical properties according to the program ROZETTA USDA, ensure the adaptation of the model to the conditions of a specific field and increase the accuracy of determining the terms and rates of irrigation. Laboratory experiments made it possible to improve the accuracy of the sensor network in the field.
On the basis of the generalization of existing publications, calculation methods of chemical land reclamation standardization have been developed and algorithms for automated planning of these operations have been developed.
In the process of carrying out research, a knowledge base of formalized dependencies and data on the properties of chemical ameliorants was formed, which helps to implement automated calculation, to make scientifically based management decisions on the application of chemical amelioration, including applying meliorants with irrigation water. A computer software solution has been developed that uses the proposed algorithms for automating operational planning and calculating the dose of chemical meliorants for liming acidic soils and plastering salted soils.
The combination of satellite monitoring data, assessment of the need for chemical soil reclamation based on multispectral satellite images and automated calculations of chemical meliorant doses makes it possible to model the results of chemical soil reclamation activities and evaluate their economic efficiency.
