The dissertation is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific and technical problem, which consists in preventing the thermal destruction of wood in building structures based on the creation of a swollen layer of coke foam on the surface of the wood, which slows down the combustion processes and increases the operational capacity when processing wood with organic-inorganic compositions.
An analysis of the structure and properties of wood is given. It was determined that the most dangerous property of wood is its ability to ignite.
It has been established that the most effective means of fire protection for wood are organic-inorganic flame retardants based on phosphorus-ammonium.
The mechanism of operation of coatings capable of forming a heat-insulating foam coke layer on the surface of a wooden structure was revealed, and the role of the substances contained in the coatings on the swelling process was established. The expediency of using acid-based catalysts in intumescent coatings, urea as gas generators, and binding components based on natural organic substances, which are capable of forming a heat-insulating layer of pinocoke under high-temperature action, has been determined.
The effect of natural binding hydrocarbons in the composition of the fireresistant coating, which is capable of forming a protective film on the surface of wood, which, under high-temperature action, can form a protective foam coke layer on the surface, has been established.
The ignition process of a wood sample was simulated and the parameters of the ignition time were set, which makes it possible to influence this process.
Modeling of the process of heat transfer by wood during its protection by a coating was carried out, the coefficient of thermal conductivity was determined and the obtained dependences were obtained, which allow obtaining a change in the dynamics of heat transfer when the coating swells.
A mathematical model of the leaching of flame retardants, when using a polymer shell made of organic material as a coating, was developed, which makes it possible to estimate the effectiveness of the polymer shell based on the amount of flame retardantь washed out.
According to the calculation scheme, the dynamics of release of water-soluble flame retardants from the fire-resistant layer of wood when using a polyurethane shell was studied.
The mechanism of fire protection of wood when using an organic-inorganic composition was revealed, which consists in the formation of a swollen layer of coke foam on the surface of the wood.
The compatibility of fire-resistant properties of wood treated with an organicinorganic composition was established.
As a result of practical and theoretical research, a new type of coating based on organic-inorganic substances was obtained, which is able to form a swollen heatinsulating layer of pinokok on the surface of wood and prevent the penetration of high temperatures.
A multifactorial method of evaluating operational, in particular, leaching, hygroscopicity, corrosive action on metals, and fire-resistant properties based on indicators of flammability, flame spread, and smoke-generating ability has been developed.
The legality of the joint use of hydrophobizers with a fire-resistant coating of wood on specific models of the effect of changes in humidity and temperature has been confirmed. Conducted research on the determination of the degree of hydrophobization of wood, the corrosion effect of protective agents on metals and the duration of fire protection of wood by keeping them at variable values of temperature and humidity showed that the use of a hydrophobizer significantly protects wood from the action of moisture and mass transfer flame retardants, namely, penetrating into the pores of wood, hydrophobizes capillaries and microcracks of the surface, forming a protective polymer film that increases performance.
The effectiveness of fire protection of a wooden container for storing explosive products was investigated and it was established that the untreated sample is capable of ignition and flame spread through the surface, which leads to the firing of pyro cartridges and the destruction of the structure. Instead, the model sample of the wooden structure is treated with a fire-resistant coating after burning out the fuel. was burning, while the swelling of the protective coating was recorded in some areas during the action of the flame, in particular in the lower part.
