Research aimed at solving the scientific and technical problem of increasing the energy efficiency of processing poultry by-products on an industrial scale was carried out in the work.
Keratin is a common structural protein, particularly associated with birds, and occurs in the structure of claws and feathers. For industrial purposes, keratin is a valuable product for medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnological, and other industries. Extraction of keratin is possible only under conditions of the destruction of disulfide covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in the structure of the material.
To achieve the most effective parameters of the technological process, an in-depth analysis of existing publications, research results, and additional research on the thermal and electrical properties of chicken feathers was carried out. Depending on the temperature
range, there are three stages of change in the properties of chicken feathers. In the first stage, the temperature range of 25–230 °C, there is a loss of moisture in the material, which is about 13 % of the total mass. In the second stage, temperature range of 230–280 °C, there is a partial decomposition of the pen structure and weight loss of up to 46 %. During the third stage, in the temperature range of 380–550 °C, complete degradation occurs, and mass loss is 81–84 %. The main electrical properties of chicken feathers are electrical resistance, electrical conductivity, and dielectric constant. Due to the presence of air voids in the feather structure, the dielectric constant of this material is 1.7.
Based on the information about the amino acid composition, a visual model of the molecular structure was developed to perform molecular dynamics simulations under the influence of temperature, pressure, and magnetic field.
An improved method for the production of feed protein meal from feather and down raw materials.
An electrotechnological complex based on a twin-screw electromechanical hydrolyzer is proposed, in which the stators are placed on a common, fixed shaft and form counter-directed electromagnetic moments, driving an external ferromagnetic rotor without
the use of a mechanical gearbox.
According to the results of mathematical modeling, three-dimensional models of the working body of a twin-screw electromechanical hydrolyzer – a ferromagnetic rotor were obtained.
Ways to increase the efficiency of the electrotechnological complex have been developed by using nanofluid in the air gap of the ferromagnetic rotor, which allows to increase in the performance of the system due to the accumulation of heat and reduces
the magnetic resistance, which in turn increases the torque by about 8–10 %.
A mathematical model of indirect field-oriented control of a twin-screw electromechanical hydrolyzer is constructed, and graphical dependences of the main parameters of the ferromagnetic rotor are obtained under conditions of a step change of torque and cyclic change of angular velocity.
Based on the research results, an experimental sample of a twin-screw electromechanical hydrolyzer was developed and manufactured.
Practical studies of electromagnetic, thermal, and electromechanical characteristics were carried out. The average deviations between simulation and experiment were: for the starting torque no more than 2 N×m; for magnetic induction on the rotor surface no more than 0.013 T; for magnetic induction on the upper edge of the rotor blades no more than 3 mT, respectively, mathematical models can be considered adequate.
According to the results of the dissertation research, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the technological process, the reliability of the electrotechnological complex, and the stability of the hydrolysis reaction, improving the quality of the finished
product, reducing energy costs by adjusting the parameters and productivity of the hydrolysis process when changing the properties of raw materials, high energy efficiency, which is achieved by using the dissipative component of the electromechanical part
of the installation, ensuring the uniformity of the temperature field in the heating zones of raw materials.
The technical novelty of the developed electrotechnological complex and the method of production of feed protein meal from feather and down raw materials is confirmed by patents for the invention.
